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In redox reactions, the transfer of electrons occurs between reacting species. Electron transfer is described by a hypothetical number called the oxidation number (or oxidation state). It represents the effective charge of an atom or element, which is assigned using a set of rules.
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NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
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After glycolysis, the charged pyruvate molecules enter the mitochondria via active transport and undergo three enzymatic reactions. These reactions ensure that pyruvate can enter the next metabolic pathway so that energy stored in the pyruvate molecules can be harnessed by the cells.
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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
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Ajustable Spin Altermagnético Oculto Dividiéndose en capas de Óxidos de Ruddlesden-Popper Ajustable en capas

Tongxie Zhang1, Linding Yuan2, James M Rondinelli2

  • 1Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States.

Nano letters
|February 10, 2026
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los altermagnetos, una nueva clase de materiales, muestran una división de espín útil para la espintrónica. Los investigadores encontraron formas de controlar esta división en óxidos utilizando campos eléctricos y vacíos de oxígeno.

Palabras clave:
Óxidos de Ruddlesden-Popper, también conocidos como óxidos de Ruddlesdenalterar los imanes con otros imanes.los primeros principios de los cálculos.espín oculto polarización de espín ocultoEs una división de espín no relativista.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Física de la materia condensada Física de la materia condensada
  • Ciencia de los materiales Ciencia de los materiales.
  • Spintronics es una empresa de Spintronics.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los altermagnetos (AM) son antiferromagnetos colineares con magnetización compensada, pero exhiben una división de espín no relativista.
  • Los AM combinan las ventajas de los ferromagnetos y los antiferromagnetos convencionales, ofreciendo potencial para dispositivos espintrónicos avanzados.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar la existencia y el control de la división de espín altermagnético en capas de óxidos de Ruddlesden-Popper.
  • Explorar estrategias para hacer que la división de espín local sea globalmente aparente y sintonizable para aplicaciones espintrónicas.

Principales métodos:

  • El análisis de simetría es el análisis de simetría.
  • Los cálculos de los primeros principios.
  • Aplicación de efecto de campo eléctrico.
  • La estequiometría de oxígeno es una ingeniería de oxígeno.

Principales resultados:

  • La división de espín altermagnético se encuentra localmente en los óxidos de Ruddlesden-Popper en capas, pero está oculta con un número par de capas de perovskita.
  • Un efecto de campo eléctrico puede hacer que la división de espín local sea globalmente aparente rompiendo la simetría de inversión.
  • Las vacantes de oxígeno mejoran la escisión de espín, y las vacantes de oxígeno apical inducen una transición aislante a metal.

Conclusiones:

  • Los óxidos de Ruddlesden-Popper en capas pueden albergar propiedades altermagnéticas.
  • Los campos eléctricos y la ingeniería de estequiometría de oxígeno son estrategias efectivas para afinar el comportamiento altermagnético.
  • Esta investigación amplía las plataformas de materiales para AM y proporciona vías para el desarrollo de dispositivos antiferromagnéticos espintrónicos.