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Una carga creciente: el impacto de la obesidad en el riesgo de enfermedades cardiometabólicas en niños y adolescentes
Vince J Catalfamo1, Samer Farhud1, John Mulkey1
1Department of Internal Medicine, Ochsner Health Foundation, 1514 Jefferson Highway, New Orleans, LA, 70121, USA.
Current cardiology reports
|February 10, 2026
Resumen
La obesidad juvenil es una creciente crisis de salud mundial, vinculada a las enfermedades cardiometabólicas. Los programas de salud basados en la escuela son prometedores para mejorar la salud de los niños.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Endocrinología pediátrica y trastornos metabólicos.
- Salud pública y epidemiología.
- La medicina preventiva es la medicina preventiva de las enfermedades.
Sus antecedentes:
- La creciente epidemia mundial de obesidad infantil presenta un desafío significativo para la salud pública.
- La obesidad pediátrica se asocia cada vez más con enfermedades cardiometabólicas, lo que afecta los resultados de salud a largo plazo.
- Los sistemas de salud preventivos existentes se enfrentan a limitaciones para abordar las complejidades de la obesidad juvenil.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Explorar los impulsores biológicos y socioambientales de la obesidad infantil.
- Evaluar el papel de la obesidad pediátrica en la creciente incidencia de enfermedades cardiometabólicas.
- Identificar las limitaciones en los actuales sistemas de salud preventiva y examinar las estrategias de intervención para la obesidad pediátrica.
Principales métodos:
- Esta revisión sintetiza la investigación contemporánea sobre los fenotipos de la obesidad juvenil y los marcadores de adiposidad temprana.
- El análisis incluye estudios que evalúan las intervenciones de salud basadas en la escuela para niños y adolescentes.
- La revisión examina la literatura existente sobre las consecuencias sociales y de salud de la obesidad pediátrica.
Principales resultados:
- Se están caracterizando distintos fenotipos de obesidad juvenil y marcadores tempranos de adiposidad.
- Las intervenciones de salud basadas en la escuela demuestran mejoras significativas en la composición corporal y los perfiles metabólicos.
- El aumento de la obesidad pediátrica plantea un gran desafío a largo plazo para la salud y la sociedad.
Conclusiones:
- La investigación futura debe centrarse en los determinantes genéticos y epigenéticos de la obesidad juvenil.
- Los programas de promoción de la salud basados en la escuela que sean equitativos, accesibles y sostenibles son cruciales.
- Se necesitan intervenciones para revertir la tendencia global de enfermedades cardiometabólicas relacionadas con la obesidad en los jóvenes.
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