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Interacciones mente-músculo-ambiente: Determinantes psicofisiológicos del ritmo óptimo en los deportes de resistencia

Peter Edholm^1,2, Lars J L Bouten³, Hans-Christer Holmberg^4,5,6

¹Department of Environmental and Biosciences, School of Business, Innovation and Sustainability, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden.

Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports

|February 10, 2026

Resumen

El rendimiento de los deportes olímpicos de invierno depende de estrategias integradas de ritmo psicofisiológico. Los atletas deben equilibrar la capacidad física con la regulación mental para una ejecución y éxito óptimos de la carrera.

Área de la Ciencia:

Deportes Ciencias Ciencias Ciencias Deportivas
Fisiología del ejercicio Fisiología del ejercicio
Psicología del deporte Psicología del deporte.

Sus antecedentes:

El ritmo es crucial para los deportes de resistencia de invierno olímpicos como el esquí de fondo, el biatlón y el patinaje de velocidad.
Los factores fisiológicos y psicológicos que influyen en el ritmo a menudo se han estudiado por separado.
Un enfoque psicofisiológico integrado es cada vez más reconocido como esencial.

Objetivo del estudio:

Revisar y sintetizar los mecanismos psicofisiológicos que rigen el ritmo en los deportes olímpicos de invierno.
Proporcionar un marco para la comprensión del ritmo como un proceso dinámico de toma de decisiones.
Ofrecer estrategias prácticas de preparación para los Juegos Olímpicos de Invierno de Milán-Cortina 2026.

Principales métodos:

Revisión narrativa estructurada de la literatura existente.
Síntesis del conocimiento sobre los determinantes fisiológicos (sistemas energéticos, fatiga) y psicológicos (autorregulación, cognición).
La consideración de los factores ambientales (terreno, clima, formato de las carreras).

Principales resultados:

El comportamiento de ritmo es el resultado de interacciones complejas entre el "motor" fisiológico y el "operador" psicológico.
Los factores ambientales influyen significativamente en las decisiones de ritmo en los eventos de resistencia de invierno.
La hipótesis de la competencia de la asequibilidad ofrece un marco unificador para las interacciones mente-músculo-ambiente.

Conclusiones:

El ritmo óptimo en los deportes olímpicos de invierno requiere el dominio de un sistema de control psicofisiológico integrado.
La preparación exitosa implica un entrenamiento por etapas que combina el desarrollo fisiológico y psicológico en entornos ecológicamente válidos.
La investigación futura debe centrarse en la competencia en el mundo real, los aspectos neurocognitivos y las diversas poblaciones de atletas.

Palabras clave:

El biatlón es un biatlón.el esquí de fondo.El rendimiento de resistencia en resistencia.El ritmo acelerado.psicofisiología psicofisiología patinaje de velocidad patinaje de velocidad.Los deportes de invierno son deportes de invierno.

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