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Crecimiento y correlaciones del desarrollo neuropsicológico en niños con autismo y parálisis cerebral - un estudio
Rouzha Pancheva1, Melisa Ilhan2, Rositsa Chamova1
1Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University "Prof. Dr Paraskev Stoyanov"- Varna, Bulgaria - Research Group NutriLect, Department of Neuroscience, Research Institute, Medical University "Prof. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanov"- Varna, Bulgaria.
Rivista di psichiatria
|February 10, 2026
Resumen
Los niños con parálisis cerebral (PC) experimentan más retrasos en el crecimiento y el desarrollo que aquellos con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA). El peso por edad es un predictor significativo de los resultados del desarrollo neurológico, particularmente el comportamiento adaptativo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
- Pediatría del desarrollo Pediatría del desarrollo.
- Ciencias de la Nutrición Ciencias de la Nutrición
Sus antecedentes:
- La parálisis cerebral (PC) y el trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) son afecciones del desarrollo neurológico que afectan el crecimiento y el desarrollo neuropsicológico.
- Existe una investigación limitada sobre la relación entre los indicadores de crecimiento físico y los perfiles de desarrollo en niños con parálisis cerebral y TEA.
- Este estudio compara las características de desarrollo y examina los vínculos crecimiento-desarrollo en estas poblaciones.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la relación entre las métricas de crecimiento físico y el desarrollo neuropsicológico en niños con parálisis cerebral y TEA.
- Para comparar los perfiles de desarrollo de los niños diagnosticados con PC frente a ASD.
- Identificar indicadores clave de crecimiento que predicen los resultados del neurodesarrollo.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio transversal piloto que involucró a 27 niños (14 con PC, 13 con TEA).
- Las evaluaciones antropométricas incluyeron las puntuaciones Z de altura por edad (HAZ), peso por edad (WAZ), IMC por edad (BMIAZ), circunferencia del brazo medio superior por edad (MUACAZ) y espesor del pliegue cutáneo (TSFAZ, SSFAZ).
- El desarrollo neuropsicológico se evaluó utilizando el Perfil de Desarrollo 3 (DP-3) en múltiples dominios.
Principales resultados:
- Los niños con TEA demostraron puntuaciones significativamente más altas en el desarrollo físico, el comportamiento adaptativo y el desarrollo general en comparación con los niños con PC.
- El peso por edad (WAZ) se correlacionó significativamente con el comportamiento adaptativo y el desarrollo general.
- WAZ surgió como un predictor significativo de las puntuaciones del desarrollo neurológico, explicando el 46,5% de la varianza.
Conclusiones:
- Los niños con PC exhiben un crecimiento más pronunciado y retrasos en el desarrollo que los niños con TEA.
- El peso por edad es un factor crítico que influye en el desarrollo neurológico, especialmente en los comportamientos adaptativos.
- Los hallazgos subrayan la importancia de integrar el apoyo nutricional en las estrategias de atención del desarrollo para los trastornos del neurodesarrollo.
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