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Cambios dependientes de la tarea en el control cortical de las tareas posturales duales: efectos de las tareas
Craig D Tokuno1, Michael Wälchli2, Benedikt Lauber2
1Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.
Journal of neurophysiology
|February 10, 2026
Resumen
La doble tarea afecta el control motor cortical de manera diferente según el tipo de tarea. Las tareas motoras aumentan la excitabilidad corticospinal, mientras que las tareas cognitivas no alteran las medidas neuronales, pero pueden mejorar el rendimiento del equilibrio.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
- El control del motor es el control del motor.
- El rendimiento humano es el rendimiento humano.
Sus antecedentes:
- El rendimiento de la doble tarea está influenciado por la interacción entre tareas concurrentes.
- Comprender los fundamentos neuronales de la doble tarea es crucial para optimizar las estrategias de control motor.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar cómo el control motor cortical, específicamente la excitabilidad corticoespinal y la inhibición intracortical de corto intervalo (SICI), cambia durante la doble tarea.
- Para determinar si estos cambios neuronales difieren en función del tipo (motor vs. cognitivo) y la dificultad de la tarea secundaria.
- Para correlacionar los ajustes neuronales con los cambios observados en el rendimiento del equilibrio.
Principales métodos:
- Cuarenta y cuatro adultos realizaron una tarea de equilibrio en una plataforma con dificultad variable.
- Las tareas secundarias incluían una tarea motora (equilibrio de bandeja) y una tarea cognitiva (prueba de dos espaldas).
- La estimulación magnética transcraneal (TMS) evaluó la excitabilidad corticospinal y el SICI en el músculo tibial anterior.
Principales resultados:
- La realización de una tarea motora secundaria aumentó la excitabilidad corticospinal, pero no afectó a SICI.
- La adición de una tarea cognitiva secundaria no alteró la excitabilidad corticospinal o SICI en comparación con el equilibrio solo.
- El rendimiento del equilibrio empeoró con la doble tarea motora, pero mejoró o no se vio afectado con la doble tarea cognitiva.
Conclusiones:
- Las estrategias de control de la corteza motora se adaptan de manera distintiva en función de la naturaleza de la tarea secundaria durante la doble tarea.
- Estas adaptaciones neuronales están directamente relacionadas con cambios específicos de tareas en el rendimiento del equilibrio.
- Los hallazgos destacan la naturaleza flexible del control motor en respuesta a las demandas de tareas concurrentes.
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