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Efectos de la intervención preventiva narrativa de color utilizando narración ocupacional: un ensayo controlado
Risa Takashima1, Daisuke Sawamura2, Yuko Yoshida3
1Risa Takashima, PhD, OT, is Lecturer, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; risa-t@hs.hokudai.ac.jp.
Resumen
El programa Color Narrative mejoró el sentido de propósito de los adultos mayores y mantuvo la función cognitiva en comparación con la atención estándar. Esta intervención centrada en la ocupación es prometedora para la atención preventiva en entornos comunitarios.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Gerontología Gerontología.
- Terapia ocupacional es una terapia de trabajo.
- La Intervención Cognitiva es una intervención cognitiva.
Sus antecedentes:
- Mejorar el propósito en la vida es crucial para la salud cognitiva en adultos mayores.
- El papel de la terapia ocupacional en la promoción del propósito y la función cognitiva necesita una mayor exploración.
- La atención preventiva comunitaria para el envejecimiento de la población requiere enfoques innovadores.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para evaluar la efectividad del programa de Narrativa de Color centrado en la ocupación.
- Para comparar el programa Color Narrative con el cuidado preventivo estándar japonés basado en la comunidad.
- Evaluar el impacto del programa en la función cognitiva y el propósito en la vida entre los adultos mayores que viven en la comunidad.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizó un ensayo controlado aleatorio en centros comunitarios.
- Los participantes (N=44) eran adultos mayores que vivían en la comunidad.
- La intervención incluyó la narración de historias en grupo, la participación significativa en la ocupación y la reflexión; los controles recibieron educación en salud y recreación.
Principales resultados:
- El programa Color Narrative demostró interacciones significativas para la función cognitiva (MMSE-J) y el propósito en la vida (LET).
- Los participantes en el programa Color Narrative mantuvieron la función cognitiva (puntuaciones MMSE-J) y mostraron un mayor propósito en la vida (puntuaciones LET).
- Los participantes del grupo de control experimentaron una disminución en la función cognitiva.
Conclusiones:
- El programa Color Narrative mejora efectivamente el propósito en la vida y previene el deterioro cognitivo en los adultos mayores.
- La terapia ocupacional, a través de programas como Color Narrative, juega un papel importante en la atención preventiva.
- Estos hallazgos apoyan la integración de intervenciones centradas en la ocupación para el envejecimiento saludable en entornos comunitarios.
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