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Comparaciones de factores correlacionados con el abandono exitoso del tabaquismo entre fumadores de mediana edad y
Ya-Hui Chang1,2, Jia-Ling Wu3,4, Shang-Chi Lee3
1Emergency Department, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei, Taiwan.
PloS one
|February 10, 2026
Resumen
Los adultos mayores (≥65 años) muestran mayores tasas de éxito en el abandono del tabaquismo en comparación con los fumadores de mediana edad. Las intervenciones personalizadas son cruciales, centrándose en la adherencia a la medicación para las personas de mediana edad y el apoyo a los adultos mayores.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Gerontología Gerontología.
- Medicina de la adicción Medicina de la adicción
Sus antecedentes:
- Las poblaciones que envejecen necesitan estrategias efectivas para dejar de fumar debido al aumento de los riesgos para la salud.
- Este estudio compara los factores de cesación del tabaquismo en los fumadores taiwaneses mayores (≥65 años) frente a los de mediana edad (40-64 años).
Objetivo del estudio:
- Identificar los factores que influyen en el éxito de la cesación del tabaquismo en adultos mayores.
- Para comparar estos factores con los de los fumadores de mediana edad.
- Informar intervenciones personalizadas para diversos grupos de edad.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo de fumadores mayores de 40 años sometidos a terapia para dejar de fumar en Taiwán (2012-2022).
- La regresión logística con ecuaciones de estimación generalizadas analizó el cese autoinformado a los seis meses después del tratamiento.
- Se evaluaron factores individuales y ecológicos por su impacto en el éxito de la cesación.
Principales resultados:
- Los fumadores mayores lograron tasas de cesación más altas (45,22%) que los fumadores de mediana edad (39,59%).
- La duración más corta del tabaquismo fue un predictor más fuerte para el abandono de los adultos mayores.
- La vareniclina, el bupropión y la mayor urbanización tuvieron un impacto significativo en el abandono de los fumadores de mediana edad más que en los adultos mayores ".
Conclusiones:
- Si bien los principales mecanismos para dejar de fumar son similares, existen diferencias relacionadas con la edad en la influencia de la duración del tabaquismo, el asesoramiento sobre medicamentos y la urbanización.
- Se recomiendan intervenciones personalizadas del Programa de Cesación del Tabaco.
- Centrarse en la adherencia a la medicación y el asesoramiento para los fumadores de mediana edad; mejorar la accesibilidad y el apoyo para los adultos mayores.
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