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Antibiofilm y actividad antibacteriana del ácido maslínico contra los enterococos resistentes a la vancomicina (ERV)

Somaia M Abdelmegeed^1,2, Mohamed F Mohamed^1,2,3, Mohamed N Seleem^1,2

¹Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America.

|February 10, 2026

Resumen

El ácido maslínico muestra una potente actividad antibacteriana contra el enterococo resistente a la vancomicina (ERV). Este compuesto natural también combate eficazmente las biofilms VRE y reduce la infección en organismos modelo, ofreciendo una nueva vía terapéutica prometedora.

Área de la Ciencia:

Microbiología Microbiología.
Química de Productos Naturales Química de Productos Naturales
Farmacología Farmacología.

Sus antecedentes:

El enterococo resistente a la vancomicina (ERV) presenta un gran desafío para la atención médica debido a las limitadas opciones de tratamiento.
La resistencia a los antibióticos requiere el desarrollo de nuevos agentes antimicrobianos.
El ácido maslínico, un triterpeno de las aceitunas, exhibe diversas actividades biológicas, incluidos los efectos antimicrobianos.

Objetivo del estudio:

Evaluar el potencial antibacteriano y antibiótico del ácido maslínico contra el ERV.
Para evaluar el perfil de seguridad del ácido maslínico.
Para comparar la eficacia del ácido maslínico con el linezolid in vitro e in vivo.

Principales métodos:

Determinación de la concentración inhibidora mínima (MIC) con respecto a los aislados clínicos de ERV.
Los ensayos de tiempo muerto para evaluar la actividad bacteriostática / bactericida.
Ensayos de citotoxicidad y hemólisis para la evaluación de la seguridad.
Pruebas de ruptura de biopelículas.
Caenorhabditis elegans modelo de infección.

Principales resultados:

El ácido maslínico demostró una potente actividad contra el ERV con CMI de 4-8 μg/mL.
Mostró efectos bacteriostáticos comparables al linezolid y fue seguro en ensayos de células de mamíferos.
El ácido maslínico interrumpió significativamente las biofilms VRE (aprox. 50%) y reducción de la carga bacteriana in vivo (80%).
El linezolid no mostró actividad significativa en el antibiótico.

Conclusiones:

El ácido maslínico es un candidato prometedor para nuevas terapias de ERV.
Su eficacia contra el ERV, incluida la inhibición del biofilm y la actividad in vivo, es notable.
El ácido maslínico ofrece un perfil de seguridad favorable y ventajas potenciales sobre los tratamientos existentes.

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