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Patrones espaciales e influencias ambientales de los brotes de COVID-19, después de Omicron
Aleksandra Stamper1,2, Rachel E Baker1,2
1Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America.
PloS one
|February 10, 2026
Resumen
El clima influye en la estacionalidad del COVID-19, con patrones distintos observados en todas las latitudes de los Estados Unidos. La mayor humedad y temperaturas se correlacionan con los brotes de verano, lo que afecta a la dinámica de los patógenos respiratorios.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Ambiental Salud del medio ambiente.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
- Dinámica de las enfermedades infecciosas.
Sus antecedentes:
- La estacionalidad de los virus respiratorios a menudo está relacionada con factores climáticos como la temperatura y la humedad.
- El papel del clima en la estacionalidad del COVID-19 sigue sin estar claro debido a la influencia de la evolución de nuevas cepas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar las variaciones espaciales en la dinámica del brote de COVID-19 en los Estados Unidos durante tres años.
- Para determinar la asociación entre los factores climáticos (humedad específica, temperatura) y la estacionalidad del COVID-19.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de los datos del Departamento de Emergencias (ED) para los diagnósticos de COVID-19 desde abril de 2022 hasta marzo de 2025.
- Exploración de las diferencias geográficas en los patrones de brote en diferentes latitudes.
- Análisis estadístico que controla el estado de vacunación a nivel estatal.
Principales resultados:
- Patrones de brote de COVID-19 dependientes de la latitud observados: los estados del sur tuvieron picos de verano más grandes, mientras que los estados del norte mostraron brotes más uniformes o dominantes en invierno.
- La humedad y la temperatura específicas se asociaron significativamente con las visitas a urgencias por COVID-19.
- La influencia del clima persistió incluso después de tener en cuenta el estado de vacunación.
Conclusiones:
- El clima juega un papel importante en la configuración de la estacionalidad del brote de COVID-19 en los Estados Unidos.
- Los hallazgos sugieren que los factores climáticos contribuyen a la dinámica de transmisión del SARS-CoV-2.
- Esta investigación proporciona una base para comprender el COVID-19 como un virus respiratorio endémico influenciado por el clima.
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