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Descomposición de las desigualdades socioeconómicas en el consumo de frutas y verduras en Pakistán: un análisis de 20

Amjad Muhammad¹, Guo-Ping Dong², Muhammad Abrar Ahmad³

¹Joint International Research Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.

Biodemography and social biology

|February 10, 2026

Resumen

El consumo de frutas y verduras aumentó en Pakistán durante dos décadas, impulsado por los ingresos y los cambios en los hogares. La política debe centrarse en los ingresos, la educación nutricional y los subsidios a los alimentos para mejorar la calidad de la dieta.

Área de la Ciencia:

Salud Pública Nutrición Salud Pública
Determinantes socioeconómicos de la salud

Sus antecedentes:

El consumo de frutas y verduras (FVC) es crucial para la salud pública.
La comprensión de las disparidades socioeconómicas en las FVC es vital para las intervenciones específicas.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para analizar los cambios en la FVC en todos los grupos socioeconómicos en Pakistán desde 1998-99 hasta 2018-19.
Descomponer la desigualdad de las FVC en efectos estructurales y de composición.

Principales métodos:

Se utilizaron datos de las Encuestas Integradas de Ingresos y Consumo de los Hogares (HIICS, por sus siglas en inglés).
Empleó un enfoque de descomposición basado en cópula para analizar la desigualdad.
Cambios examinados en las FVC en diferentes percentiles de ingresos (10o, 50o, 90o).

Principales resultados:

El promedio per cápita de FVC aumentó en 120,88 gramos.
Se observaron ganancias en todos los percentiles, con el mayor aumento en el percentil 90 (153,31 gramos).
Los efectos compuestos, incluidos los cambios en los ingresos de los hogares, el tamaño y la educación, impulsaron el aumento de las FVC.

Conclusiones:

Las intervenciones políticas deben priorizar la mejora de los ingresos y la educación nutricional específica, especialmente para los hogares más grandes.
Abordar la asociación negativa entre la educación de los jefes de familia y la FVC requiere una investigación adicional.
Los subsidios alimentarios justos y el apoyo a los ingresos pueden mejorar la calidad de la dieta y reducir el riesgo de enfermedades crónicas.

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