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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

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Salt particles that have dissolved in water never spontaneously come back together in solution to reform solid particles. Moreover, a gas that has expanded in a vacuum remains dispersed and never spontaneously reassembles. The unidirectional nature of these phenomena is the result of a thermodynamic state function called entropy (S). Entropy is the measure of the extent to which the energy is dispersed throughout a system, or in other words, it is proportional to the degree of disorder of a...
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The first law of thermodynamics is quantitatively formulated via an equation relating the internal energy of a system, the heat exchanged by it, and the work done on it. A quantitative formulation of the second law of thermodynamics leads to defining a state function, the entropy.
When an ideal gas expands isothermally, the disorder in the gas increases. From the molecular perspective, the gas molecules have more volume to move around in.
Consider an infinitesimal step in the expansion, which...
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Standard Entropy Change for a Reaction03:00

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Entropy is a state function, so the standard entropy change for a chemical reaction (ΔS°rxn) can be calculated from the difference in standard entropy between the products and the reactants.
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Adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, is considered the primary energy source in cells. However, energy can also be stored in the electrochemical gradient of an ion across the plasma membrane, which is determined by two factors: its chemical and electrical gradients.
The chemical gradient relies on differences in the abundance of a substance on the outside versus the inside of a cell and flows from areas of high to low ion concentration. In contrast, the electrical gradient revolves around an...
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The process of surrounding a solute with solvent is called solvation. It involves evenly distributing the solute within the solvent. The rule of thumb for determining a solvent for a given compound is that like dissolves like. A good solvent has molecular characteristics similar to those of the compound to be dissolved. For example, polar solutions dissolve polar solutes, and apolar solvents dissolve apolar solutes. A polar solvent is a solvent that has a high dielectric constant (ϵ...
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A living cell's primary tasks of obtaining, transforming, and using energy to do work may seem simple. However, the second law of thermodynamics explains why these tasks are harder than they appear. None of the energy transfers in the universe are completely efficient. In every energy transfer, some amount of energy is lost in a form that is unusable. In most cases, this form is heat energy. Thermodynamically, heat energy is defined as the energy transferred from one system to another that...
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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Bulk and Thin Film Synthesis of Compositionally Variant Entropy-stabilized Oxides
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La arquitectura de superficie de entropía de gradiente estabiliza el LiCoO2 a 4.7 V.

Fangchang Zhang1, Xinye Mai1, Yulin Cao1

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.

ACS nano
|February 10, 2026
PubMed
Resumen

Una nueva arquitectura de superficie de entropía de gradiente (GE) estabiliza los cátodos de óxido de cobalto de litio (LiCoO2) para baterías de iones de litio, permitiendo el funcionamiento a voltajes ultra altos de hasta 4.7 V con una mayor estabilidad y retención de capacidad.

Palabras clave:
arquitectura de la entropía del gradiente arquitectura de la entropía del gradientecátodo de alto voltaje de alta tensión.ingeniería interfacial.Óxido de cobalto de litio y litio.las baterías de iones de litio.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencia de los materiales Ciencia de los materiales.
  • La electroquímica es electroquímica.
  • Almacenamiento de energía Almacenamiento de energía

Sus antecedentes:

  • El óxido de cobalto de litio (LiCoO2) es un material de cátodo primario para las baterías de iones de litio tipo 3C.
  • Las altas tensiones de funcionamiento por encima de 4,55 V conducen a una degradación estructural e interfacial significativa en LiCoO2.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Desarrollar una arquitectura de superficie de entropía de gradiente (GE) para mejorar la estabilidad de LiCoO2 en voltajes de corte ultra altos (4.7 V).
  • Investigar los mecanismos por los cuales la arquitectura GE mejora el rendimiento electroquímico y la estabilidad.

Principales métodos:

  • Se creó una capa homogénea de autoencapsulación utilizando ácido fítico e iones metálicos (Mg/Al/Ni) en la superficie de LiCoO2.
  • La calcinación fue empleada para formar la arquitectura de la superficie de entropía del gradiente.
  • Se evaluó el rendimiento electroquímico, incluida la retención de capacidad y la estabilidad en ciclos a 4.7 V.

Principales resultados:

  • El material GE-LCO exhibió una arquitectura de superficie de gradiente con entropía decreciente desde el exterior hacia el interior.
  • La superficie de alta entropía mejoró la estabilidad termodinámica, mientras que los canales de Li+ expandidos mejoraron la movilidad cinética.
  • La capa de GE suprimió efectivamente la migración interfacial de cobalto y mejoró la estabilidad electroquímica-mecánica.

Conclusiones:

  • La arquitectura de la superficie de entropía de gradiente estabiliza con éxito LiCoO2 a 4.7 V, superando las limitaciones de los materiales convencionales.
  • Este enfoque preserva la actividad electroquímica a granel al tiempo que mejora la estabilidad de la superficie a través de mecanismos impulsados por la entropía.
  • GE-LCO demostró una alta capacidad de 230,9 mAh / g y 80,6% de retención de capacidad después de 100 ciclos a 4,7 V.