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Una revisión exhaustiva de los programas escolares para promover el ajuste positivo y el bienestar de los jóvenes

Metin Özdemir¹, Brit Oppedal², Sandra Altebo Nyathi¹

¹Center for Lifespan Developmental Research, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.

Journal of community psychology

|February 10, 2026

Resumen

Los programas escolares para adolescentes inmigrantes muestran resultados mixtos en la promoción del bienestar y el ajuste. Se necesita más investigación para comprender la efectividad del programa y mejorar las intervenciones para esta población.

Área de la Ciencia:

Salud Pública La salud pública.
Psicología educativa Psicología educativa.
Estudios de Inmigración Estudios de Inmigración

Sus antecedentes:

Los adolescentes inmigrantes recién llegados enfrentan desafíos únicos para la adaptación y el bienestar.
Los entornos escolares son entornos cruciales para apoyar a esta población.
Se necesitan intervenciones basadas en la evidencia para abordar sus necesidades específicas.

Objetivo del estudio:

Revisar sistemáticamente los programas escolares diseñados para los adolescentes inmigrantes recién llegados.
Evaluar la efectividad de estos programas para promover el ajuste y el bienestar.
Para identificar lagunas y limitaciones en la investigación actual.

Principales métodos:

Una revisión de alcance siguiendo las directrices de PRISMA-ScR.
Búsqueda sistemática en cinco bases de datos (Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL, SCOPUS, ERIC) de estudios publicados desde el año 2000.
La inclusión de estudios sobre intervenciones en entornos escolares formales para adolescentes recién llegados.

Principales resultados:

Se identificaron quince estudios que evaluaban 17 programas basados en la escuela.
Los programas se centraron en el bienestar socioemocional, la salud mental, la resiliencia, el apoyo social y el trauma.
Aproximadamente el 50% de los programas demostraron algunos efectos positivos en los resultados esperados.

Conclusiones:

Los programas actuales basados en la escuela muestran cierta promesa, pero tienen limitaciones que impiden conclusiones sólidas.
Es esencial realizar más investigaciones para comprender los mecanismos de los programas, los moderadores y los mediadores.
El desarrollo de intervenciones escolares efectivas y eficientes en recursos es una prioridad.

Palabras clave:

los adolescentes los adolescentes eficacia y efectividad.Los inmigrantes son los inmigrantes.Evaluación del programa de evaluación del programa.refugiados refugiados refugiados servicios basados en la escuela.El ajuste social es el ajuste social.

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