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La cardiomiopatía y la trombosis inversa de Takotsubo inducidas por las anfetaminas: un informe de caso
Anthony Rabil1, Omar Fakhereddine2, Abdallah Rebeiz2
1American University of Beirut Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon.
Clinical practice and cases in emergency medicine
|February 10, 2026
Resumen
La intoxicación por anfetaminas puede desencadenar la cardiomiopatía inversa de Takotsubo, una afección cardíaca rara. Este caso pone de relieve el vínculo entre el uso de drogas estimulantes y eventos cardíacos y vasculares graves en una mujer joven.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Cardiología Cardiología.
- Toxicología Toxicología.
- Medicina de emergencia Medicina de emergencia.
Sus antecedentes:
- La cardiomiopatía de Takotsubo (TTC) implica una disfunción ventricular izquierda inducida por el estrés.
- El TTC inverso, una variante menos común, presenta distintas anomalías regionales del movimiento de la pared.
- El uso ilícito de drogas estimulantes es un desencadenante emergente de emergencias cardiovasculares.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para reportar un caso de miocardiopatía inversa de Takotsubo.
- Para investigar la asociación entre el uso de drogas ilícitas y esta condición cardíaca.
- Para documentar las complicaciones trombóticas asociadas.
Principales métodos:
- Informe de caso de una mujer de 19 años que presentaba dolor en el pecho y síntomas sistémicos.
- Evaluación clínica que incluye ECG, biomarcadores cardíacos (troponina) y detección de drogas en la orina.
- Imágenes de diagnóstico: ecocardiografía en el punto de atención y angiografía por tomografía computarizada.
Principales resultados:
- El paciente presentó síntomas consistentes con el síndrome coronario agudo después de la ingestión de estimulantes.
- La ecocardiografía reveló características de la miocardiopatía inversa de Takotsubo (ahorro apical).
- La presentación posterior mostró evidencia de una trombosis arterial extensa (arterias renales e ilíacas).
Conclusiones:
- La intoxicación por anfetaminas es una causa potencial de la cardiomiopatía inversa de Takotsubo.
- Este caso subraya el riesgo de eventos trombóticos vasculares concurrentes con el uso de estimulantes.
- El reconocimiento rápido y la atención de apoyo son cruciales para manejar estas presentaciones complejas.
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