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La variación epigenética puede promover la adaptación al suavizar paisajes de acondicionamiento físico resistentes
Akshat Mall1, Christopher J Marx1, Jeremy A Draghi2
1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA.
Proceedings. Biological sciences
|February 10, 2026
Resumen
La epigenética, o variación no genética, ayuda a las poblaciones a adaptarse a entornos difíciles. Los rápidos cambios epigenéticos suavizan los picos de aptitud, mejorando los resultados evolutivos incluso sin una fuerte heredabilidad.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
- Genética La genética.
- Biología del desarrollo Biología del desarrollo.
Sus antecedentes:
- La variación hereditaria no genética (epigenética) puede influir en la evolución junto con la variación genética.
- Se conocen los beneficios epigenéticos para la diversidad fenotípica en entornos cambiantes, pero se entiende menos su papel en paisajes adaptativos con mutaciones genéticas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar cómo la epigenética afecta la evolución adaptativa en complejos paisajes de fitness.
- Comprender los principios que rigen la influencia conjunta de los cambios epigenéticos y las mutaciones en las trayectorias evolutivas.
Principales métodos:
- Modelado de poblaciones asexuales en paisajes adaptativos de picos múltiples.
- Analizando el concepto de cuasispecies epigenéticas (grupos de fenotipos de un genotipo).
- Evaluar el impacto de las tasas de cambio epigenético en la aptitud y la adaptación.
Principales resultados:
- La epigenética mejora los resultados adaptativos en paisajes de acondicionamiento físico resistentes, incluso en entornos constantes.
- Los cambios epigenéticos rápidos pueden suavizar los picos de aptitud subóptimos, lo que permite el acceso a estados adaptativos superiores.
- El equilibrio de las tasas de conmutación epigenética, no la tasa absoluta, tiene un impacto significativo en el éxito evolutivo.
Conclusiones:
- La variación epigenética puede ser un importante impulsor de la adaptación, incluso con una heredabilidad limitada.
- La epigenética juega un papel crucial, a menudo pasado por alto, beneficioso en la configuración de la evolución de la población.
- La comprensión de la epigenética es clave para comprender el alcance completo de los procesos evolutivos.
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