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La evolución reciente del tamaño grande de la descendencia y el suministro de nutrientes después de la fecundación en

Cheyenne Y Payne^1,2,3,4, Derek Ly⁵, Rebecca A Rodriguez-Soto¹

¹Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

Proceedings. Biological sciences

|February 10, 2026

Resumen

El pez espada (Xiphophorus) exhibe estrategias reproductivas distintas. Xiphophorus malinche desarrolla crías más grandes y más resistentes, lo que sugiere una adaptación a entornos hostiles y una provisión materna única de nutrientes.

Área de la Ciencia:

Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
Estrategias reproductivas estrategias reproductivas.
La genómica comparada es una genómica comparada.

Sus antecedentes:

Los organismos emplean diversas estrategias reproductivas que influyen en la supervivencia de la descendencia.
El pez espada (Xiphophorus) exhibe fecundación interna y nacimiento vivo.
Comprender la divergencia reproductiva es clave para las ideas evolutivas.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para investigar la divergencia en la estrategia reproductiva entre Xiphophorus malinche y Xiphophorus birchmanni.
Para explorar los factores genéticos y ambientales que influyen en el tamaño de la descendencia y la supervivencia.
Para documentar el aprovisionamiento materno de nutrientes en Xiphophorus.

Principales métodos:

Medidas morfológicas de embriones y alevines.
Análisis de la expresión génica en tejidos maternos.
Cruzamientos híbridos entre X. malinche y X. birchmanni.

Principales resultados:

X. malinche produce crías más grandes y resistentes al hambre que X. birchmanni.
Evidencia de aprovisionamiento materno de nutrientes durante el desarrollo embrionario en X. malinche.
El tamaño de la descendencia está determinado genéticamente, con incompatibilidad híbrida asimétrica observada.

Conclusiones:

El gran tamaño de la descendencia en X. malinche puede ser una adaptación a entornos difíciles.
El aprovisionamiento materno de nutrientes es una estrategia reproductiva documentada en Xiphophorus.
La estrategia reproductiva influye en las incompatibilidades híbridas en el pez espada.

Palabras clave:

La hibridación es la hibridación.La matrotrofia es la matrotrofia.tamaño de la descendencia tamaño de la descendencia El pez espada cola es un pez espada cola.La transcripción es la transcriptómica.

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