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Precisión de las coronas soportadas por implantes fabricadas por tecnologías de fabricación aditiva y sustractiva

Yolanda Natali Raico Gallardo¹, Fiorella Sueldo Guevara Ratzeburg², Gabriel Nima³

¹Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa; and Professor, Laboratory of Innovation in Digital Dentistry, Universidad Científica del Sur (UCSUR), Lima, Peru.

The Journal of prosthetic dentistry

|February 10, 2026

Resumen

La fabricación sustractiva (SM) produjo la mayor precisión para las coronas soportadas por implantes en comparación con los métodos de fabricación aditiva (AM) como la proyección de luz digital (DLP) y la estereolitografía (SLA). DLP mostró la menor precisión, particularmente en la región marginal.

Área de la Ciencia:

Materiales dentales Ciencias de la ciencia.
Tecnologías de fabricación Tecnologías de fabricación.
Ingeniería de Biomateriales Ingeniería de Biomateriales

Sus antecedentes:

Las tecnologías de fabricación aditiva (AM) ofrecen avances, pero enfrentan limitaciones en comparación con la fabricación sustractiva (SM).
Estas limitaciones son críticas para los pilares prefabricados con geometrías complejas, lo que afecta el ajuste y la retención de la restauración.
Asegurar la precisión en las prótesis dentales es crucial para el éxito clínico.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para comparar la exactitud (verdad y precisión) de SM y dos métodos de AM (DLP y SLA).
Para evaluar la precisión en general y en regiones específicas (bucal, proximal, cúspide, fosa, intaglio, margen) de las coronas de un solo implante soportado.
Para determinar el método de fabricación más preciso para restauraciones dentales detalladas.

Principales métodos:

Se utilizaron tres métodos de fabricación: proyección de luz digital (DLP), estereolitografía (SLA) y fabricación sustractiva (SM).
Se crearon quince ejemplares por grupo para coronas soportadas por implantes en pilares prefabricados.
La precisión se evaluó utilizando el escaneo intraoral y el software de metrología para comparar las coronas diseñadas frente a las fabricadas, analizando las desviaciones en seis regiones clave.

Principales resultados:

La fabricación sustractiva (SM) demostró una veracidad y precisión significativamente más altas que las de SLA y DLP (P<.001).
La proyección de luz digital (DLP) exhibió una menor veracidad y precisión en la región marginal en comparación con SLA y SM (P<.001).
Todos los métodos probados lograron una precisión intaglio dentro de rangos clínicamente aceptables para el ajuste interno.

Conclusiones:

La fabricación sustractiva (SM, por sus siglas en inglés) es el método más preciso para producir coronas con soporte de un solo implante.
La proyección de luz digital (DLP) mostró la menor precisión, especialmente en áreas de margen crítico.
Si bien la DLP tiene limitaciones, todos los métodos producidos son aceptables y adecuados para la aplicación clínica.

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