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Fisiología del sueño neonatal y funcionamiento ejecutivo temprano en niños prematuros
Anneleen Dereymaeker1,2, Tim Hermans3, Bieke Bollen4
1Department of Development and Regeneration, Woman and Child, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. anneleen.dereymaeker@uzleuven.be.
Pediatric research
|February 10, 2026
Resumen
El tiempo total de sueño en los bebés prematuros está relacionado con un mejor funcionamiento ejecutivo a los dos años. La optimización del sueño en la UCIN puede apoyar el desarrollo neurológico en bebés prematuros.
Área de la Ciencia:
- El desarrollo neonatal.
- La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
- Medicina para el sueño.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los bebés prematuros a menudo muestran déficits en el funcionamiento ejecutivo (FE).
- EF está asociada con el desarrollo de la corteza prefrontal y la regulación del sueño.
- La reducción del sueño en la UCIN puede tener un impacto negativo en la maduración temprana del cerebro.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la asociación entre el comportamiento del sueño neonatal y el funcionamiento ejecutivo a los 2 años de edad corregida en niños prematuros.
- Para determinar si las mediciones objetivas del sueño en bebés prematuros predicen resultados cognitivos posteriores.
Principales métodos:
- 76 bebés prematuros fueron sometidos a polisomnografía durante la noche antes de ser dados de alta de la UCIN.
- Los algoritmos automatizados cuantificaron las etapas del sueño: tiempo total de sueño, sueño activo (AS), sueño tranquilo (QS) y sueño de transición.
- El funcionamiento ejecutivo (memoria de trabajo espacial, flexibilidad cognitiva, control inhibitorio) se evaluó a los 2 años de edad corregida.
Principales resultados:
- Un mayor tiempo de sueño total se correlacionó con una mayor puntuación general de EF y una mejor memoria de trabajo espacial.
- Los episodios de sueño activo más largos se asociaron con un aumento del tiempo total de sueño.
- Los niveles más altos de sueño de transición se relacionaron con un peor rendimiento de EF.
Conclusiones:
- La duración del sueño neonatal, específicamente el tiempo total de sueño, se asocia positivamente con una mejor función ejecutiva en niños prematuros a los 2 años.
- Proteger y mejorar el sueño en la UCIN puede ser un factor modificable crucial para apoyar el neurodesarrollo y la función ejecutiva en los bebés prematuros.
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