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La correlación entre el ejercicio y la enfermedad cardiovascular aterosclerótica: un análisis combinado utilizando
Zhao Zhao1, Xintao Hu1, Hongxu Yan1
1Department of Vascular Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
European journal of medical research
|February 10, 2026
Resumen
La inactividad física aumenta causalmente el riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular aterosclerótica (ASCVD). La integración de programas de ejercicio en el manejo de ASCVD puede mejorar los resultados de los pacientes junto con la medicación.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Cardiovascular La salud cardiovascular.
- Fisiología del ejercicio Fisiología del ejercicio
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
Sus antecedentes:
- La enfermedad cardiovascular aterosclerótica (ASCVD) es una preocupación de salud global importante, que abarca condiciones como ataque cardíaco y accidente cerebrovascular.
- Si bien la actividad física es reconocida por su papel preventivo en ASCVD, los mecanismos biológicos subyacentes requieren una mayor aclaración.
- Este estudio investigó el vínculo causal entre la actividad física y la ASCVD para aclarar estos mecanismos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para determinar la relación causal entre la actividad física y la enfermedad cardiovascular aterosclerótica (ASCVD).
- Para explorar el impacto del ejercicio en los factores de riesgo y resultados de ASCVD.
- Proporcionar evidencia para la integración del ejercicio en las estrategias de prevención y tratamiento de la ASCVD.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron datos de la base de datos NHANES (2007-2018) para 2179 participantes adultos.
- Empleó modelos lineales generalizados (GLM) multivariados y análisis de estratificación de riesgo para evaluar las asociaciones ejercicio-ASCVD.
- Se realizó un análisis de aleatorización mendeliana (MR) con pruebas de sensibilidad para establecer la causalidad.
Principales resultados:
- La inactividad física se asoció significativamente con un mayor riesgo de ASCVD (OR = 1.618, p = 0.029).
- Se observó una relación no lineal entre los niveles de ejercicio y el riesgo de ASCVD.
- Los factores clave que influyen en el riesgo de ASCVD incluyen ejercicio, edad, raza, hipertensión y tabaquismo.
Conclusiones:
- La inactividad física es un factor causal directo que contribuye al aumento del riesgo de ASCVD.
- Se recomiendan intervenciones personalizadas de ejercicio para la prevención y el manejo de ASCVD, complementando la farmacoterapia.
- Los programas de ejercicio estructurados pueden mejorar los resultados clínicos para las personas con o en riesgo de ASCVD.
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