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Desventaja socioeconómica, desarrollo puberal y salud mental y logros académicos de los adolescentes: un estudio
Kate Fitzsimons1, Qingyang Li1, Phoebe Thomson1
1King's College Londonhttps://ror.org/0220mzb33, UK.
Development and psychopathology
|February 11, 2026
Resumen
El bajo estatus socioeconómico (SES) está relacionado con la pubertad temprana, lo que puede explicar la salud mental y los problemas académicos en las niñas. Comprender este vínculo es crucial para abordar las disparidades socioeconómicas en el desarrollo de los adolescentes.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Psicología del desarrollo Psicología del desarrollo.
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Sociología Sociología Sociología.
Sus antecedentes:
- El bajo estatus socioeconómico (SES) se asocia con resultados adversos en el desarrollo puberal, la salud mental y el rendimiento académico.
- El papel mediador del desarrollo precoz de la pubertad en el vínculo SES-resultados sigue sin estar claro.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Examinar las asociaciones entre la desventaja del hogar/barrio y el desarrollo puberal.
- Investigar el desarrollo de la pubertad como mediador entre el SES y los resultados académicos y de salud mental.
- Para explorar la influencia del ritmo de la pubertad en estas relaciones.
Principales métodos:
- Datos longitudinales del Estudio ABCD (N=9.848, edades 9-10 al inicio del estudio) en cuatro puntos de tiempo.
- Análisis de las asociaciones entre la desventaja del hogar / vecindario, el estado / ritmo de la pubertad, la salud mental y el rendimiento académico.
Principales resultados:
- Una mayor desventaja en el hogar y en el vecindario se correlacionó con un estado puberal más avanzado en ambos sexos.
- En las mujeres, el estado de pubertad avanzada medió el vínculo entre un SES más bajo y peores resultados académicos y de salud mental.
- El ritmo puberal más lento atenuó el impacto negativo de la desventaja del vecindario en estos resultados en las mujeres.
Conclusiones:
- Los contextos del hogar y del vecindario influyen significativamente en el desarrollo de los adolescentes.
- El desarrollo puberal es una vía clave que explica las disparidades socioeconómicas en salud mental y logros académicos, particularmente en las mujeres.
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