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¿Por qué la fantasía en los medios de comunicación de pantalla agota la función ejecutiva de los niños?

Angeline S Lillard¹

¹Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.

Developmental science

|February 11, 2026

Resumen

La fantasía en los medios de pantalla puede afectar la función ejecutiva de los niños pequeños al sobrecargar sus sistemas cognitivos. Este modelo de procesamiento de información explica por qué los eventos de fantasía imposibles son particularmente problemáticos para las mentes en desarrollo.

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Área de la Ciencia:

Psicología Cognitiva Psicología cognitiva.
Psicología de los medios Psicología de los medios Psicología de los medios
Psicología del desarrollo Psicología del desarrollo.

Sus antecedentes:

Un metaanálisis reciente examinó la fantasía y el ritmo rápido en el impacto de los medios de pantalla en los niños pequeños.
La investigación existente destaca los posibles efectos negativos de los medios de comunicación en el desarrollo cognitivo.
La necesidad de marcos teóricos para explicar estos efectos observados es evidente.

Objetivo del estudio:

Proponer un modelo de procesamiento de la información que explique el efecto fantasía en los medios de pantalla.
Para construir sobre las teorías existentes de procesamiento de medios, específicamente basándose en el trabajo de Lang.
Para aclarar por qué el contenido de fantasía puede plantear desafíos únicos para los sistemas cognitivos de los niños pequeños.

Principales métodos:

Análisis teórico y desarrollo de modelos.
Basándose en teorías establecidas de cognición de medios y procesamiento de información.
Examinando el papel de la carga cognitiva y la teoría de esquemas en los efectos de los medios.

Principales resultados:

Los eventos de fantasía pueden sobrecargar el sistema cognitivo debido a su inherente imposibilidad.
La falta de esquemas preexistentes para eventos imposibles aumenta la carga cognitiva.
Esta sobrecarga cognitiva puede afectar las funciones ejecutivas en los niños pequeños.

Conclusiones:

Se necesitan mejores modelos teóricos para guiar la investigación sobre el impacto de los medios en la función ejecutiva.
El modelo de procesamiento de información propuesto ofrece un marco para comprender el efecto fantasía.
Otras investigaciones deberían investigar cómo la fantasía en los medios de pantalla afecta los procesos cognitivos de los niños.