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Análisis de los polimorfismos del gen IL-13 en pacientes pediátricos con alergia a los alimentos
Maria-Teodora Coșoreanu1,2, Camelia-Elena Berghea1,3, Felicia Galoș1,2
1Department of Pediatrics, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
Allergologia et immunopathologia
|February 11, 2026
Resumen
Las variaciones genéticas en el gen de la interleucina-13 (IL-13), específicamente SNP rs1800925, están relacionadas con un mayor riesgo de alergias alimentarias no mediadas por IgE en niños. Este hallazgo pone de relieve IL-13
Área de la Ciencia:
- Inmunología Inmunología.
- Genética La genética.
- La pediatría es la medicina de los niños.
Sus antecedentes:
- Las alergias alimentarias son respuestas inmunes a las proteínas de la dieta con causas inciertas que afectan la calidad de vida de los niños.
- La interleucina-13 (IL-13) es una citoquina implicada en enfermedades alérgicas.
- Los polimorfismos de un solo nucleótido (SNP) en genes relacionados con el sistema inmunológico pueden influir en la susceptibilidad a la alergia alimentaria.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la asociación entre los SNPs del gen IL-13 (rs20541 y rs1800925) y el riesgo de alergias alimentarias mediadas por IgE y no mediadas por IgE en niños.
- Explorar posibles vínculos entre estos SNPs de IL-13 y las características del paciente.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio de caso-control en el que participaron 165 niños con alergia a los alimentos y 115 controles sanos de origen rumano.
- Genotipización de los SNPs de IL-13 rs20541 y rs1800925 utilizando PCR en tiempo real con ensayos TaqMan.
- Análisis estadístico realizado con OpenEpi y PLINK v1.07.
Principales resultados:
- Se observó una frecuencia significativamente mayor del alelo menor T para SNP rs1800925 en niños con alergia alimentaria no mediada por IgE (50% frente a 35.6%, p=0.04).
- Los heterocigotos CT de rs1800925 mostraron un mayor riesgo de alergia alimentaria no mediada por IgE (p=0,01, OR=2,13).
- No se encontraron asociaciones significativas entre los SNPs de IL-13 estudiados y la alergia alimentaria mediada por IgE.
Conclusiones:
- Este estudio proporciona la primera evidencia que vincula las variaciones en el gen IL-13 (SNP rs1800925) a la patogénesis de la alergia alimentaria no mediada por IgE en niños.
- Los hallazgos sugieren que los polimorfismos del gen IL-13 juegan un papel en el desarrollo de alergias alimentarias no mediadas por IgE.
- Se necesita más investigación para validar estas asociaciones genéticas y aclarar los mecanismos subyacentes.
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