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La autofagia en la fisiología renal: desde el control de calidad celular hasta el metabolismo de los órganos
Takeshi Yamamoto1, Satoshi Minami1, Yoshitaka Isaka1
1Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Osaka, Osaka, Japan.
Autophagy reports
|February 11, 2026
Resumen
La autofagia normalmente mantiene la salud renal, pero la función deteriorada causa "estancamiento autofágico", dañando los riñones. La restauración de este proceso ofrece un potencial terapéutico para la enfermedad renal.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología celular Biología celular.
- Nefrología Nefrología.
- Regulación del metabolismo La regulación del metabolismo
Sus antecedentes:
- La autofagia es crucial para la homeostasis renal, apoyando la energía e integridad celular.
- Los reguladores clave incluyen mTOR, AMPK y TFEB, que responden a las señales de nutrientes, hormonas y oxígeno.
- El envejecimiento y el estrés metabólico interrumpen la autofagia, causando acumulación de autofagosomas y deterioro de la degradación (estancamiento autofágico).
Objetivo del estudio:
- Explorar el papel de la autofagia en la fisiología y enfermedad renal.
- Para investigar las consecuencias patológicas del estancamiento autofágico en las células renales.
- Para resaltar las estrategias terapéuticas para restaurar el flujo autofágico en la enfermedad renal.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de la literatura actual sobre la autofagia en la función y enfermedad renal.
- Análisis de las vías de señalización (mTOR, AMPK, TFEB, MondoA) que regulan la autofagia.
- Examen del impacto del estancamiento autofágico en patologías renales como AKI y ERC.
Principales resultados:
- El estancamiento autofágico, en lugar de ser protector, promueve el daño celular renal y la progresión de la enfermedad.
- El estancamiento en las células epiteliales tubulares proximales (PTECs) está relacionado con la transición de AKI a CKD y la enfermedad renal relacionada con la obesidad.
- Los reguladores transcripcionales como TFEB y MondoA son vitales para la actividad autofágica y la salud mitocondrial.
Conclusiones:
- El deterioro de la autofagia y el estancamiento resultante son perjudiciales para la salud renal.
- Dirigirse a la restauración del flujo autofágico presenta una vía terapéutica prometedora para las enfermedades renales.
- La comprensión específica del tipo celular de la regulación de la autofagia es esencial para desarrollar terapias renales efectivas.
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