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Ejercicio de la memoria de trabajo después de la interpretación simultánea en bilingües
Isabelle Chou1, Agustina Birba2,3,4, Jiehui Hu5
1Sichuan University College of Foreign Languages and Cultures, China.
Resumen
La interpretación simultánea (IS) no mejora la memoria de trabajo (MM) y puede obstaculizar las ganancias típicamente observadas con la práctica. Este estudio investigó los efectos cognitivos del SI en bilingües.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Psicología Cognitiva Psicología cognitiva.
- La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
- La lingüística es la lingüística de las lenguas.
Sus antecedentes:
- El bilingüismo está asociado con las demandas cognitivas, particularmente en la memoria de trabajo (WM).
- Investigaciones anteriores sugieren que la interpretación simultánea (SI) grava el WM, pero falta evidencia causal.
- Comprender el impacto cognitivo de la IS es crucial para interpretar el desarrollo profesional.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar causalmente el efecto de la interpretación simultánea (SI) en la memoria de trabajo (WM) en individuos bilingües.
- Para determinar si el rendimiento del SI impacta en las funciones cognitivas más allá de WM, como la inhibición y la fluidez.
- Para diferenciar los efectos cognitivos de SI de los de una tarea de control.
Principales métodos:
- Cincuenta bilingües chino-inglés participaron en una evaluación antes y después de la tarea.
- Los participantes completaron una tarea de interpretación simultánea (SI) o una tarea de control de comprensión de texto.
- La memoria de trabajo (WM), el control inhibidor y la fluidez verbal se midieron antes y después de las tareas.
Principales resultados:
- Las puntuaciones de la memoria de trabajo (WM), especialmente en condiciones de alta demanda, aumentaron después de la tarea de control, pero no después de SI.
- No se observaron diferencias significativas en el control inhibidor o la fluidez verbal entre el SI y los grupos de control.
- Los hallazgos sugieren que SI puede impedir las mejoras relacionadas con la práctica en WM.
Conclusiones:
- La interpretación simultánea (SI) no parece mejorar la capacidad de la memoria de trabajo (WM) en bilingües.
- La naturaleza exigente de la IS podría interferir con las ganancias cognitivas típicamente asociadas con la práctica.
- Esta investigación contribuye a una comprensión más profunda de la carga cognitiva y los efectos de la interpretación.
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