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Evaluación de la ablación por microondas para el tratamiento de grandes nódulos benignos de la tiroides.

Yinzhu Zhao1, Fu Jin1,2, Ting Chang1

  • 1Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of the University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.

Gland surgery
|February 11, 2026
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

La ablación por microondas (MWA) trata eficazmente los nódulos tiroideos benignos grandes (BTNs) con una reducción de volumen del 82,54%. La ablación repetida es clave para prevenir la lesión recurrente del nervio laríngeo durante MWA para BTNs.

Palabras clave:
Los nódulos de la tiroides son también llamados nódulos de la tiroides.La ablación es la ablación.recurrente del nervio laríngeo recurrente (RLN)Ultrasonografía es la ecografía.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Radiología intervencionista Radiología intervencionista.
  • La tiroidología La tiroidología.
  • Oncología Oncología.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los grandes nódulos benignos de tiroides (≥4 cm) presentan desafíos de tratamiento debido a la proximidad a las estructuras críticas.
  • La ablación por microondas (MWA) ofrece una opción no quirúrgica para los grandes nódulos tiroideos benignos (BTNs).
  • La capacidad del MWA para alcanzar altas temperaturas intratumorales lo convierte en una modalidad de tratamiento prometedora.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Evaluar la eficacia y seguridad de MWA para grandes BTNs.
  • Explorar estrategias para prevenir la lesión recurrente del nervio laríngeo (RLN) durante el MWA.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis retrospectivo de 205 pacientes con grandes BTNs tratados con MWA.
  • Evaluaciones clínicas y de ultrasonido a los 1, 6 y 12 meses después de la ablación.
  • Análisis de la tasa de reducción de volumen (VRR), factores que influyen y complicaciones.

Principales resultados:

  • El tamaño promedio del nódulo fue de 46,56 mm; el volumen promedio fue de 22,91 ml.
  • A los 12 meses, el VRR promedio fue de 82,54% con una tasa de eficacia técnica del 93,66%.
  • Se produjo una ronquera transitoria en un paciente; 18 casos requirieron una ablación repetida debido a problemas de aislamiento de líquidos.

Conclusiones:

  • MWA es un tratamiento seguro y eficaz para grandes BTNs.
  • La ablación secundaria es crucial para prevenir la lesión del RLN cuando el fluido aislante es insuficiente.
  • MWA demuestra una eficacia significativa en la reducción de grandes volúmenes de nódulos tiroideos benignos.