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Efecto del entrenamiento pliométrico basado en el índice de fuerza reactiva integral de saltadores y velocistas de
Raynier Montoro-Bombú1,2,3, Hugo Sarmento1,2, Armando Costa3
1University of Coimbra, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, 3040-256 Coimbra, Portugal.
Biology of sport
|February 11, 2026
Resumen
El nuevo Índice Integral de Fuerza Reactiva (IRSI) del entrenamiento pliométrico mejoró significativamente el rendimiento deportivo en saltadores y velocistas en comparación con los métodos tradicionales. La formación IRSI ofrece una mejor individualización y resultados con un volumen de formación reducido.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Deportes Ciencias Ciencias Ciencias Deportivas
- La biomecánica es la biomecánica.
- Entrenamiento atlético de entrenamiento atlético
Sus antecedentes:
- El Índice Integral de Fuerza Reactiva (IRSI) es una nueva métrica que normaliza la fuerza reactiva basada en la altura de caída.
- La optimización del entrenamiento pliométrico es crucial para mejorar el rendimiento atlético en atletas de atletismo.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para comparar los efectos del entrenamiento pliométrico basado en IRSI frente al entrenamiento de salto tradicional en variables espaciotemporales.
- Evaluar la eficacia del IRSI para mejorar el rendimiento de los saltadores y velocistas de nivel nacional.
Principales métodos:
- Un ensayo cruzado aleatorizado de 19 semanas con tres grupos paralelos: entrenamiento IRSI (G-RT1), entrenamiento pliométrico tradicional (G-PT2) y un grupo de control (G-CT3).
- Participaron veintisiete atletas masculinos de atletismo, divididos en los tres grupos.
- El rendimiento se evaluó utilizando variables espaciotemporales en la carrera de 60 metros y en el salto triple de pie.
Principales resultados:
- El grupo IRSI (G-RT1) demostró mejoras significativas (p ≤ 0,001) con grandes tamaños de efecto en la carrera de 60 m y el salto triple de pie.
- El grupo pliométrico tradicional (G-PT2) mostró mejoras pero con menores tamaños de efecto en el salto de longitud de pie y el salto triple de pie.
- El grupo de control (G-CT3) no mostró mejoras significativas en el rendimiento.
Conclusiones:
- El entrenamiento pliométrico basado en IRSI produce resultados superiores en comparación con los programas tradicionales para atletas de atletismo.
- El IRSI mejora la individualización de la capacitación, mantiene una alta intensidad y logra mejores resultados con un menor volumen de capacitación.
- Este estudio apoya el uso de IRSI para optimizar la prescripción de entrenamiento en atletas de élite.
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