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La ingesta de metionina, la carga de ácido en la dieta y el riesgo de cáncer de mama: un estudio de caso y control
Alvaro L Ronco1, Wilner Martínez-López2, Maximilian A Storz3
1Department of Medical Records, National Cancer Institute of Uruguay, Germany.
Journal of cancer prevention
|February 11, 2026
Resumen
Una dieta alta en carga ácida y metionina puede aumentar el riesgo de cáncer de mama. La metionina, un aminoácido, podría desempeñar un papel importante en esta asociación, potencialmente a través de mecanismos epigenéticos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Oncología Oncología.
- La epidemiología nutricional.
- La bioquímica metabólica es una bioquímica metabólica.
Sus antecedentes:
- La evidencia limitada vincula la carga de ácido en la dieta y la ingesta de metionina con el riesgo de cáncer.
- El estrés ácido y la acidosis metabólica están implicados en el desarrollo del cáncer.
- La metionina es un aminoácido acidogénico clave con efectos epigenéticos potenciales.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la asociación entre la carga de ácido en la dieta, la ingesta de metionina y el riesgo de cáncer de mama.
- Reevaluar los hallazgos preliminares sobre estos factores dietéticos y el cáncer de mama.
- Explorar los posibles efectos modificadores de los antecedentes familiares y el estado de la menopausia.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio de casos y controles en el que participaron 572 casos y 2.294 controles en Uruguay.
- Carga ácida dietética estimada utilizando el puntaje de carga ácida renal potencial (PRAL).
- Regresión logística utilizada para calcular los ratios de probabilidad (OR), ajustando por factores de confusión.
Principales resultados:
- Se encontraron asociaciones directas significativas entre el riesgo de cáncer de mama y el PRAL (OR=3.33) y la ingesta de metionina (OR=5.87).
- Las tendencias tanto para el PRAL como para la ingesta de metionina fueron estadísticamente significativas (P < 0,001).
- Se observaron ORs más altos para PRAL y metionina en mujeres con antecedentes familiares positivos de cáncer y en mujeres premenopáusicas.
Conclusiones:
- Un patrón dietético acidogénico puede elevar el riesgo de cáncer de mama.
- La ingesta de metionina muestra una fuerte asociación con el riesgo de cáncer de mama, mediando potencialmente los efectos del desequilibrio ácido-base.
- Se justifica una mayor investigación sobre las influencias epigenéticas de la metionina en el desarrollo del cáncer.
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