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Elegir entre modalidades protésicas fijas y extraíbles para pacientes completamente edentulos: una revisión
Marwa Abdelrahman Ali Hassan1, Ramah Mohammed Elhadi2, Manahel Osman3
1Dentistry, Safwa Al Muhaidib Dental Center, Makkah, SAU.
Cureus
|February 11, 2026
Resumen
Las prótesis fijas apoyadas por implantes ofrecen resultados superiores para el edentulismo completo en comparación con las opciones removibles. Mientras que las prótesis fijas proporcionan una mejor función, las sobredenturas removibles ofrecen una higiene más fácil, lo que requiere opciones de tratamiento individualizadas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Las prótesis dentales.
- La rehabilitación oral es la rehabilitación oral.
- La odontología de implantes.
Sus antecedentes:
- El edentulismo completo afecta gravemente la masticación, la estética y la calidad de vida.
- La elección entre prótesis fijas y removibles es una decisión clínica crucial para los pacientes dentales.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Comparar sistemáticamente los resultados clínicos y los resultados informados por los pacientes de las rehabilitaciones protésicas fijas frente a las removibles para pacientes completamente edentulos.
Principales métodos:
- Búsqueda sistemática de la literatura de las principales bases de datos (PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science) hasta diciembre de 2025.
- La inclusión de ensayos controlados aleatorios y estudios observacionales basados en los criterios de PICOS.
- Riesgo de evaluación de sesgo y síntesis narrativa debido a la heterogeneidad.
Principales resultados:
- Las prótesis fijas apoyadas por implantes mostraron altas tasas de supervivencia, eficiencia masticatoria superior y estabilidad oclusal.
- Las prótesis con implante (fijas o extraíbles) mejoraron significativamente la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud bucal en comparación con las dentaduras postizas convencionales.
- Las prótesis fijas tenían complicaciones técnicas; las sobredenturas removibles experimentaban desgaste oclusal; la satisfacción de la dentadura convencional dependía de la retención, la comodidad y la estética.
Conclusiones:
- Las prótesis con soporte de implante proporcionan resultados sustancialmente mejores que las prótesis dentales convencionales para el edentulismo completo.
- La elección entre modalidades fijas y extraíbles implica equilibrar la función, la estabilidad, el mantenimiento y la higiene.
- La planificación del tratamiento individualizado es esencial, teniendo en cuenta los factores del paciente y la viabilidad clínica.
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