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La difteria que se presenta con neuropatía craneal: el parche no visto.
Sonali Ghosh1, Shamsul Hoque2, Soumodip Saha2
1Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, Institute of Post-Graduate Medical Education and Research and Seth Sukhlal Karnani Memorial Hospital, Kolkata, IND.
Cureus
|February 11, 2026
Resumen
La difteria puede causar problemas neurológicos raros pero graves, como las neuropatías craneales. El diagnóstico temprano y la vacunación son cruciales para prevenir y controlar esta enfermedad prevenible por vacunación.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Enfermedades infecciosas Enfermedades infecciosas.
- Neurología Neurología.
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
Sus antecedentes:
- La difteria sigue siendo endémica en los países en desarrollo, lo que plantea riesgos más allá de las enfermedades respiratorias.
- Las complicaciones neurológicas, como la polineuropatía, son secuelas raras pero graves de la difteria.
- Estas complicaciones pueden imitar otros trastornos neuromusculares, retrasando el diagnóstico y el tratamiento precisos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para reportar un caso de polineuropatía difterítica que se presenta con parálisis del nervio craneal.
- Hacer hincapié en la importancia de considerar la difteria en el diagnóstico diferencial de déficits neurológicos agudos en áreas endémicas.
- Para resaltar el papel de la vacunación en la prevención de complicaciones graves de difteria.
Principales métodos:
- Informe de caso de una mujer de 20 años de edad, inmunizada incompletamente.
- Presentación clínica: ptosis bilateral, neuropatías craneales, debilidad de las extremidades.
- El trabajo de diagnóstico incluyó análisis de líquido cefalorraquídeo, exclusión de otros trastornos neuromusculares y cultivo de hisopo de garganta para *Corynebacterium diphtheriae*.
Principales resultados:
- El paciente presentó síntomas que imitaban el síndrome de Guillain-Barré y la miastenia gravis.
- El hisopo de la garganta confirmó *Corynebacterium diphtheriae*, lo que condujo a un diagnóstico de polineuropatía difterítica.
- El tratamiento con antitoxina de difteria y eritromicina mejoró los síntomas bulbares, aunque la ptosis persistió.
Conclusiones:
- La difteria debe considerarse en el diagnóstico diferencial de las neuropatías craneales agudas, especialmente en regiones endémicas.
- Es esencial un diagnóstico rápido y un tratamiento adecuado, que incluya antitoxinas y antibióticos.
- La vacunación sigue siendo la estrategia más efectiva para prevenir la difteria y sus graves complicaciones neurológicas.
Palabras clave:
La antitoxina es el antitoxina.difteria y difteria.trastornos neuromusculares trastornos neuromusculares trastornos neuromusculares trastornos neuromusculares trastornos neuromusculares trastornos neuromusculares trastornos neuromusculares trastornos neuromusculares trastornos neuromusculares trastornos neuromusculares trastornos neuromusculares trastornos neuromuscularesLa polineuropatía es una polineuropatía.la vacunación y la vacunación.Más Videos Relacionados
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