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El silencio del electrocardiograma: una serie de casos con arterias coronarias ocultas y electrocardiogramas normales
Chris Sani1, Asher Gorantla2, Krishna Patel3
1Department of Internal Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA.
Journal of medical cases
|February 11, 2026
Resumen
Los ECG no diagnósticos pueden enmascarar la oclusión severa de la arteria coronaria, retrasando el tratamiento crítico para los eventos coronarios agudos. Las herramientas adicionales son vitales cuando los ECGs subestiman el riesgo de isquemia miocárdica.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Cardiología Cardiología.
- Diagnóstico médico Diagnóstico médico
Sus antecedentes:
- Los eventos coronarios agudos afectan a más de un millón de pacientes anualmente.
- La isquemia miocárdica elevada no del segmento ST (NSTEMI) es una presentación común.
- Un subconjunto de pacientes con NSTEMI exhiben electrocardiogramas (ECG) normales.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para resaltar los casos en que los EKG normales enmascararon oclusiones severas de las arterias coronarias.
- Para enfatizar los desafíos diagnósticos planteados por los hallazgos silenciosos del ECG en la isquemia miocárdica.
- Subrayar la necesidad de herramientas de diagnóstico adicionales más allá del ECG.
Principales métodos:
- Serie de casos que reportan a tres pacientes con oclusiones coronarias casi completas y ECGs no diagnosticados.
- Se analizó la presentación clínica y el seguimiento diagnóstico de estos pacientes.
- Revisión de la literatura sobre las limitaciones del ECG en los síndromes coronarios agudos.
Principales resultados:
- Los ECG iniciales no fueron diagnósticos a pesar de las significativas oclusiones de las arterias coronarias.
- El ECG por sí solo subestimó la gravedad isquémica, particularmente en las regiones miocárdicas laterales y posteriores.
- La reperfusión retrasada fue una consecuencia potencial del diagnóstico retrasado.
Conclusiones:
- El ECG puede ser poco fiable en el diagnóstico de isquemia miocárdica, especialmente en territorios específicos.
- Las herramientas adicionales como los biomarcadores cardíacos y la ecografía son cruciales para una evaluación precisa.
- Se necesita más investigación para identificar el riesgo en pacientes con ECG normales o no diagnosticados.
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