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Asociaciones longitudinales entre biomarcadores neurodegenerativos y deterioro cognitivo en adultos mayores: ideas

Abhijith R Rao¹, Rashmita Pradhan², Masroor Anwar²

¹Department of Geriatric Medicine, National Center of Ageing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society

|February 11, 2026

Resumen

Biomarcadores como la proteína ácida fibrillar glial (GFAP) y la cadena ligera de neurofilamentos (NfL) están relacionados con el deterioro cognitivo en los adultos mayores indios. Estos marcadores pueden ayudar a monitorear el riesgo de demencia y el envejecimiento cognitivo.

Área de la Ciencia:

La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
Gerontología Gerontología.
Investigación de biomarcadores Investigación de biomarcadores.

Sus antecedentes:

El Estudio de Envejecimiento Longitudinal en la India - Evaluación Diagnóstica de la Demencia (LASI-DAD) es un estudio clave sobre el envejecimiento cognitivo y la demencia en la India.
Investigar biomarcadores neurodegenerativos como la relación 42/40 de amiloide-beta (Aβ), GFAP, NfL, pTau y tau total es crucial para comprender el deterioro cognitivo.

Objetivo del estudio:

Examinar la asociación longitudinal entre biomarcadores neurodegenerativos específicos y el deterioro cognitivo en adultos indios mayores.
Identificar posibles biomarcadores para el monitoreo del envejecimiento cognitivo y el riesgo de demencia dentro de la población india.

Principales métodos:

Análisis de datos de 1181 participantes (≥60 años) de las Ondas 1 y 2 de LASI-DAD, incluidos los datos de biomarcadores.
Medición de biomarcadores (NFL, relación Aβ42/Aβ40, GFAP, pTau, Tau total) utilizando la tecnología de Simoa.
Ecuaciones de estimación generalizadas (GEE) utilizadas para analizar la relación entre los niveles de biomarcadores y los cambios en el rendimiento cognitivo, ajustando las covariables.

Principales resultados:

Los niveles más altos de GFAP y NfL se asociaron significativamente con un mayor deterioro cognitivo a lo largo del tiempo (p<0,01).
GFAP y NfL se vincularon específicamente con disminuciones en los dominios de lenguaje y memoria.
La relación Aβ42/Aβ40 mostró una asociación con el deterioro del lenguaje.

Conclusiones:

GFAP y NfL son biomarcadores significativos asociados con el deterioro cognitivo longitudinal en adultos indios mayores.
Estos biomarcadores muestran potencial para monitorear el envejecimiento cognitivo y evaluar el riesgo de demencia en este grupo demográfico.
Otras investigaciones pueden explorar la utilidad clínica de estos biomarcadores en la prevención y el manejo de la demencia.

Palabras clave:

Adultos mayores indios.LASI-DADAD es el tratamiento el deterioro cognitivo, el declive cognitivo.proteína ácida fibrillar glial de proteínas gliales.El estudio longitudinal es un estudio longitudinal.Los biomarcadores neurodegenerativos también son biomarcadores.La proteína ligera de neurofilamento es una proteína ligera.

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