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EXPRESIÓN: "¿Todos se ven iguales?" La etnicidad de los participantes modera el efecto de la interracialidad en los
Julius B Calvert1, Nicholas P Maxwell1, Kendal A Smith2
1Midwestern State University.
Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)
|February 11, 2026
Resumen
El efecto cruzado de razas (CRE) muestra que las personas reconocen mejor las caras de la misma raza. Este estudio encontró que los juicios de aprendizaje (JOLs) también reflejan el CRE, pero este efecto depende de la etnia del participante.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Psicología Cognitiva Psicología cognitiva.
- Psicología social Psicología social.
- La metacognición es la metacognición.
Sus antecedentes:
- El Efecto Cross-Race (CRE) demuestra un reconocimiento superior de las caras de la misma raza en comparación con las caras de otras razas.
- Si bien el CRE está bien documentado en la investigación de la memoria, su influencia en los juicios metacognitivos, como los juicios de aprendizaje (JOL), es menos comprendida.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar si el efecto de cruce racial se extiende a los juicios de aprendizaje (JOL).
- Examinar el papel de las actitudes étnicas y raciales de los participantes en la manifestación del CRE en los JOLs.
Principales métodos:
- Dos experimentos involucraron a participantes negros y blancos haciendo JOLs mientras estudiaban rostros de la misma y otras razas de tipicidad variable.
- Los participantes también completaron medidas de actitud racial.
- Se emplearon análisis estadísticos, incluidos los análisis de correlación y mediación.
Principales resultados:
- El efecto de cruce de razas se replicó para el reconocimiento facial y la discriminabilidad.
- El patrón de CRE se observó en JOLs, pero moderado significativamente por la etnia de los participantes.
- Solo los JOL de los participantes negros reflejaban el CRE; los JOL de los participantes blancos no diferían para las caras de la misma raza frente a otras razas.
- Las actitudes y motivaciones raciales no explicaron los patrones de JOL observados en los participantes blancos.
Conclusiones:
- Los juicios de aprendizaje (JOLs) pueden verse influenciados por el Efecto Interracial.
- La manifestación del CRE en los JOL depende de la etnia del participante, destacando el papel de la experiencia social.
- Los juicios metacognitivos están moldeados por complejos factores sociales y experienciales más allá de las actitudes raciales explícitas.
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