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Cuestionario de concienciación sobre el asma: desarrollo, validación psicométrica y extensión.

Irene Prediletto1,2, Benedetta Bondi3,4, Matteo Bonini5

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Se desarrolló y validó un nuevo Cuestionario de Concientización sobre el Asma (AAQ) para adultos con asma leve a moderada. La AAQ mide la conciencia multidimensional del paciente, crucial para la autogestión efectiva del asma.

Palabras clave:
Asma El asma es el asma.Sensibilización de la conciencia.Educación de los pacientesEl cuestionario del cuestionario.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Medicina Pulmonar La medicina pulmonar es el tratamiento de las enfermedades pulmonares.
  • Psicología de la salud Psicología de la salud
  • Resultados informados por el paciente.

Sus antecedentes:

  • La concienciación del paciente en enfermedades crónicas como el asma implica un compromiso cognitivo, emocional y fáctico.
  • Una herramienta validada para evaluar la conciencia de asma multifacética no ha estado disponible anteriormente.
  • Este estudio aborda la necesidad de un instrumento integral para medir la conciencia del asma en adultos.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Desarrollar y validar el Cuestionario de Concientización sobre el Asma (AAQ).
  • Para evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de la AAQ en adultos con asma leve a moderada.
  • Evaluar los niveles de conciencia y sus dimensiones en la población objetivo.

Principales métodos:

  • El AAQ fue desarrollado utilizando un proceso Delphi que involucra a médicos y pacientes.
  • Se evaluaron las propiedades psicométricas, incluida la consistencia interna, la validez de la construcción y la confiabilidad.
  • Los datos se recopilaron de 149 participantes en el estudio de la Red de Asma Ligera / Moderada de Italia (MANI).

Principales resultados:

  • El AAQ final consta de 18 ítems en tres dimensiones: agencia, conocimiento y aceptación.
  • El cuestionario demostró una buena consistencia interna (alfa de Cronbach = 0,78) y fiabilidad de prueba-reprueba (ICC = 0,723).
  • En general, los niveles de concienciación sobre el asma fueron subóptimos, con una puntuación de conocimiento más alta que la agencia y la aceptación.

Conclusiones:

  • El Cuestionario de Concienciación sobre el Asma (AAQ) es una herramienta psicométricamente sólida para evaluar la conciencia multidimensional sobre el asma.
  • La AAQ puede informar las intervenciones para mejorar la autogestión del paciente en el asma.
  • Se recomienda una mayor validación en diversos entornos clínicos.