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La evidencia de isótopos estables de la interrupción del antropoceno en la búsqueda de alimento de las tortugas de
Willemien de Kock1,2, Marcel T J van der Meer3, Ronald van Bommel3
1Groningen Institute of Archaeology, Faculty of Arts, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
PloS one
|February 11, 2026
Resumen
Las tortugas de cáscara blanda africanas (Trionyx triunguis) muestran cambios en la dieta a lo largo del tiempo, con poblaciones modernas influenciadas por las actividades humanas. Las tortugas antiguas tenían dietas más variadas, algunas mostrando forrajeo marino.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Paleoecología Paleoecología.
- La geoquímica de los isótopos es la geoquímica de los isótopos.
- Zooarqueología del zoológico.
Sus antecedentes:
- La tortuga de cáscara blanda africana (Trionyx triunguis) es una especie muy extendida en África y el Levante.
- Comprender su ecología dietética es crucial para la conservación y la comprensión de los ecosistemas del pasado.
- Los estudios previos sobre las dietas de T. triunguis son limitados, especialmente con respecto a los cambios a largo plazo.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar los hábitos alimenticios de las poblaciones contemporáneas y antiguas de Trionyx triunguis.
- Evaluar el impacto de los cambios ambientales y antropogénicos en las dietas de las tortugas a lo largo del tiempo.
- Aplicar ZooMS (Zooarchaeology by Mass Spectrometry) para la identificación de especies en este taxón.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de isótopos estables (δ13C, δ15N y δ34S) de restos de tortugas.
- Identificación del biomarcador ZooMS para la confirmación de la especie.
- Comparación de las firmas isotópicas entre poblaciones modernas y antiguas.
Principales resultados:
- Los valores de isótopos estables indican posibles variaciones en la dieta de T. triunguis.
- Las tortugas modernas de Turquía muestran alto δ15N y bajo δ13C, lo que sugiere carroña y insumos agrícolas.
- Las antiguas tortugas del Levante exhibieron dietas más diversas, y algunas muestran firmas de búsqueda de alimento marino.
Conclusiones:
- La plasticidad dietética en T. triunguis es evidente, con posibles cambios influenciados por las condiciones del ecosistema.
- Las presiones antropogénicas parecen haber impactado los comportamientos de búsqueda de alimento en algunas regiones.
- Este estudio proporciona nuevos conocimientos biomoleculares sobre la historia ecológica y la adaptabilidad de T. triunguis.
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