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Las aves marinas dieron forma a la expansión de la sociedad preinca en el Perú

Jacob L Bongers^1,2,3, Emily B P Milton⁴, Jo Osborn⁵

¹Discipline of Archaeology, School of Humanities, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

|February 11, 2026

Resumen

La fertilización con guano de aves marinas se utilizó en Perú.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ciencias Arqueológicas Ciencia Arqueológica
Reconstrucción paleoambiental de la reconstrucción paleoambiental de la reconstrucción paleoambiental de la reconstrucción paleoambiental de la reconstrucción paleoambiental de la reconstrucción paleoambiental
La geoquímica de los isótopos es la geoquímica de los isótopos.

Sus antecedentes:

Las sociedades andinas costeras dependían de los recursos marinos.
Comprender la intensificación agrícola es clave para explicar la complejidad de la sociedad.
El guano de aves marinas es un recurso marino rico en nutrientes.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para investigar el uso del guano de aves marinas como fertilizante en la agricultura prehispánica en el Valle Chincha de Perú.
Para determinar la línea de tiempo y la extensión de las prácticas de fertilización de guano.
Evaluar el papel del guano en el desarrollo sociopolítico del Reino Chincha.

Principales métodos:

Análisis de isótopos estables (carbono, nitrógeno, azufre) de mazorcas de maíz y aves marinas.
La datación por radiocarbono de materiales arqueológicos.
Integración de datos arqueológicos, históricos e iconográficos.

Principales resultados:

La evidencia más sólida hasta la fecha para el uso pre-incaico de fertilizantes marinos en Chincha.
Las comunidades indígenas fertilizaban el maíz con guano por lo menos en 1250 EC.
Los datos isotópicos se alinean con los registros históricos y la iconografía regional.

Conclusiones:

La fertilización con guano de aves marinas fue una práctica agrícola significativa en el valle de Chincha.
Esta práctica probablemente apoyó la expansión sociopolítica y económica del Reino Chincha.
Los fertilizantes marinos pueden haber sido un motor generalizado de cambio social en las sociedades andinas prehispánicas.

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