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Certificación experimental del estado cuántico mediante el muestreo activo de estados fotónicos entrelazados.

Michael Antesberger1, Mariana M E Schmid1, Huan Cao1,2

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La certificación del estado cuántico (QSC) valida los estados cuánticos entrelazados de manera eficiente mediante la medición de un subconjunto, conservando el resto para las tecnologías cuánticas. Este método supera las limitaciones de la caracterización completa y los supuestos distribuidos de manera idéntica.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencias de la información cuántica Ciencias de la información cuántica.
  • Tecnologías Cuánticas Tecnologías Cuánticas

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los estados cuánticos entrelazados son cruciales para las tecnologías cuánticas, pero requieren validación.
  • La caracterización completa de los estados cuánticos requiere muchos recursos.
  • Los métodos de verificación existentes a menudo destruyen estados y asumen distribuciones idénticas (IID).

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Implementar experimentalmente la certificación del estado cuántico (QSC).
  • Desarrollar un método para validar los estados cuánticos sin destruir todo el conjunto.
  • Para superar las limitaciones de los supuestos IID en la verificación del estado cuántico.

Principales métodos:

  • Implementación experimental de QSC utilizando conmutadores ópticos activos.
  • Muestreo aleatorio de fuentes de estados Bell de dos fotones y estados GHZ de tres fotones.
  • Informes en tiempo real de fidelidades estadísticamente sólidas.

Principales resultados:

  • QSC certifica la fidelidad de los estados cuánticos restantes midiendo sólo un subconjunto.
  • El protocolo elimina el supuesto de distribución idéntica.
  • Se logró una escala cercana a N^-1 con N estados medidos.
  • Implementación demostrada independiente del dispositivo.

Conclusiones:

  • QSC proporciona una validación eficiente y estadísticamente sólida de los estados cuánticos.
  • El protocolo es adecuado para la evaluación comparativa de dispositivos de computación cuántica y configuraciones de comunicación.
  • QSC es robusto en situaciones estándar y adversarias.