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Efectos de la disponibilidad de aire y la modificación de la paja en el potencial de escurrimiento de fósforo del

Wenchao Xing¹, Hongzhen Ma¹, Zhenyu Xue¹

¹Technology Innovation Center for Land Engineering and Human Settlements, Shaanxi Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd and Xi'an Jiaotong University, School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, China.

Waste management (New York, N.Y.)

|February 11, 2026

Resumen

El almacenamiento de estiércol no sellado a largo plazo convierte el fósforo soluble (P) en formas minerales estables, reduciendo el potencial de escorrentía. La adición de paja de maíz estabiliza aún más la P, mejorando las prácticas de manejo del estiércol.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ciencias Agrícolas Ciencias Agrícolas
Química del medio ambiente Química del medio ambiente
Ciencias del suelo Ciencias del suelo.

Sus antecedentes:

El estiércol es un fertilizante clave de fósforo (P), pero su solubilidad afecta los riesgos ambientales y la efectividad.
Comprender la transformación de la fracción P durante el almacenamiento del estiércol es crucial para la gestión sostenible.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para investigar la dinámica de especiación de fósforo durante el almacenamiento prolongado de estiércol porcino.
Para evaluar los efectos de las condiciones de almacenamiento sin sellar frente a las selladas en la transformación de P.
Para evaluar la eficacia de la enmienda de paja de maíz en la estabilización de P.

Principales métodos:

El estiércol de cerdo se almacenó en condiciones no selladas y selladas, con y sin enmienda de paja de maíz.
Las fracciones de fósforo (Olsen-P, Fix-P) se analizaron durante períodos de almacenamiento prolongados.
El análisis mineralógico identificó formas P estables y agregación de partículas.

Principales resultados:

El almacenamiento sin sellar redujo el Olsen-P en un 16% y aumentó el Fix-P en un 150%, lo que indica una estabilización de P.
El almacenamiento sellado mostró cambios mínimos en la solubilidad de P (Fix-P aumentó en un 3%).
La paja de maíz en sistemas no sellados aumentó el P total en un 45% y redujo el Olsen-P en un 12%, mejorando la estabilización del P a través de la precipitación y la complicación.

Conclusiones:

El almacenamiento a largo plazo de estiércol porcino sin sellar promueve la conversión del P soluble en formas minerales estables (por ejemplo, MgNH4PO4·6H2O, Fe3(PO4) 2·H2O, AlPO4·2H2O).
La enmienda de paja de maíz en sistemas no sellados mejora aún más la estabilización de P, reduciendo el potencial de escorrentía de P.
Estos hallazgos apoyan el desarrollo de estrategias de manejo de estiércol rentables para la protección del medio ambiente.

Palabras clave:

Paja de maíz de paja de maíz.La eutrofización es la eutrofización.La gestión del estiércol.El flujo de escurrimiento de fósforo.Condiciones de almacenamiento.

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