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BAP-1 en el diagnóstico del mesotelioma pleural maligno
Irene Sansano1, Ana Vázquez2, Oscar Persiva3
1Departments of Pathology, Spain.
Respiratory medicine and research
|February 11, 2026
Resumen
El diagnóstico del mesotelioma pleural maligno (MPM) es un desafío. Las pruebas para detectar la pérdida de proteína 1 asociada a BRCA1 (BAP1) en el líquido pleural o las biopsias pueden ayudar a identificar la MPM, incluso en etapas tempranas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Oncología Oncología.
- Patología Patología Patología.
- Pulmonología Pulmonología.
Sus antecedentes:
- El diagnóstico del mesotelioma pleural maligno (MPM) presenta desafíos significativos para los médicos y patólogos.
- El diagnóstico preciso y oportuno es crucial para los resultados de los pacientes.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar la utilidad de la inmunohistoquímica BAP1 en el diagnóstico de MPM.
- Para evaluar la consistencia de la tinción BAP1 en citología pleural y biopsia.
- Identificar posibles ayudas de diagnóstico para casos difíciles de MPM.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis retrospectivo de 41 pacientes con MPM diagnosticados entre octubre de 2013 y abril de 2024.
- Inclusión de datos clínicos, historial de exposición al amianto, imágenes, informes quirúrgicos, resultados de citología y biopsia.
- Examen de la coloración nuclear de la proteína 1 asociada a BRCA1 (BAP1) en citología pleural y muestras de biopsia.
Principales resultados:
- La pérdida de BAP1 se observó en la citología pleural en 16 pacientes y en la histología en 15 pacientes, con inconsistencias entre los tipos de muestra.
- Cinco pacientes con pérdida de BAP1 en histología no mostraron pérdida en citología, destacando discrepancias en el diagnóstico.
- Dos pacientes con un derrame pleural no diagnosticado inicialmente y tres con un derrame benigno relacionado con el amianto desarrollaron posteriormente MPM, mostrando pérdida de BAP1.
Conclusiones:
- El diagnóstico de MPM sigue siendo difícil, lo que subraya la necesidad de mejorar las herramientas de diagnóstico.
- La inmunohistoquímica BAP1 es un valioso complemento para el diagnóstico de MPM, particularmente en casos de efusión pleural no diagnosticada o exposición al asbesto.
- La evaluación consistente de la tinción BAP1 en citología e histología es importante para un diagnóstico preciso de MPM.
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