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La exposición materna y paterna al petróleo crudo modela diferencialmente los transcriptomas del desarrollo temprano
Claudia Erhart1, Jasmine Nahrgang1, Derrick Kwame Odei1
1Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway.
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|February 11, 2026
Resumen
La exposición materna al petróleo crudo afecta gravemente la supervivencia y el desarrollo de la descendencia del bacalao del Atlántico (Gadus morhua) al alterar la calidad de los huevos. La exposición paterna muestra efectos tardíos y subletales, lo que pone de relieve los riesgos intergeneracionales.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología Marina Biología Marina.
- Ecotoxicología Ecotoxicología.
- La genómica es la genómica.
Sus antecedentes:
- La sostenibilidad del bacalao del Atlántico (Gadus morhua) está amenazada por la contaminación del petróleo crudo.
- La vulnerabilidad reproductiva de los adultos y los efectos intergeneracionales de la exposición al petróleo son poco conocidos.
- Las contribuciones paternas a los resultados de la descendencia requieren más investigación.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar el impacto de la exposición parental al petróleo crudo en la descendencia de bacalao del Atlántico.
- Para analizar los perfiles transcriptómicos y las tasas de supervivencia en la descendencia.
- Para evaluar la transferencia materna y paterna de los efectos del petróleo crudo.
Principales métodos:
- El bacalao adulto del Atlántico estuvo expuesto al petróleo crudo.
- Los descendientes fueron producidos a través de la fertilización in vitro (control, exposición materna, paterna, biparental).
- Se analizaron los perfiles transcriptómicos, la función cardíaca, la morfología y la supervivencia.
Principales resultados:
- La exposición materna condujo a la mortalidad de la descendencia antes de la eclosión, al tamaño más pequeño de los huevos y a la desregulación de los genes del desarrollo.
- Los hidrocarburos aromáticos del petróleo se transfirieron a los ovocitos, lo que indica una interrupción en el aprovisionamiento de ovocitos.
- La exposición paterna mostró efectos mínimos en la expresión del ARN y la morfología en la eclosión, pero sugirió efectos subletales posteriores.
Conclusiones:
- La exposición materna al petróleo crudo compromete gravemente el desarrollo temprano de la vida en el bacalao del Atlántico.
- Los trastornos endocrinos y epigenéticos durante la maduración de los ovocitos probablemente causan problemas de desarrollo.
- La exposición paterna puede inducir efectos subletales retrasados, potencialmente a través de mecanismos epigenéticos, lo que justifica un estudio adicional.
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