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Mejorar la biolecha de Cu y Zn de los desechos electrónicos con grafeno y carbón activado con la bacteria
Hamideh Badri1, Mahdokht Arshadi2, Fatemeh Pourhossein3
1Petroleum and Chemical Engineering Department, Chemical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
The Science of the total environment
|February 11, 2026
Resumen
Este estudio mejora la recuperación de cobre y zinc de los residuos electrónicos utilizando un cultivo bacteriano mixto y catalizadores. En condiciones óptimas se logró la recuperación del 100% del metal en 12 días.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias del medio ambiente Ciencias del medio ambiente.
- Biotecnología La biotecnología es la biotecnología.
- Ciencia de los materiales Ciencia de los materiales.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los residuos electrónicos (e-waste) plantean riesgos ambientales y contienen metales valiosos.
- Las placas de circuitos impresos de televisión (TVPCB) son una fuente importante de desechos electrónicos.
- Se necesitan métodos eficientes para recuperar metales como el cobre (Cu) y el zinc (Zn) de los TVPCB.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar el bioleaching de Cu y Zn de los TVPCB.
- Para evaluar la efectividad de Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (A. ferrooxidans) y Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans (A. thiooxidans), individualmente y como un cultivo mixto.
- Evaluar el impacto catalítico del grafeno y el carbón activado en polvo en la recuperación de metales.
Principales métodos:
- Experimentos de bioleaching con el uso de A. ferrooxidans y A. thiooxidans.
- Aplicación de la metodología de superficie de respuesta (RSM) con un diseño compuesto central (CCD) para la optimización.
- Investigación del grafeno y el carbón activado como catalizadores para mejorar la recuperación de metales.
Principales resultados:
- Un cultivo bacteriano mixto demostró una recuperación de Cu superior en comparación con las cepas individuales.
- El grafeno y el carbón activado en polvo aumentaron significativamente la recuperación de Cu en aproximadamente un 20%.
- Las condiciones óptimas (pH 2.0, 1.5 g/L de grafeno, 1.5 g/L de carbón activado) llevaron a una recuperación simultánea del 100% de Cu y Zn en 12 días.
Conclusiones:
- El uso combinado de un cultivo bacteriano mixto y catalizadores (grafeno, carbón activado) es altamente efectivo para la biolechaje de Cu y Zn de los TVPCB.
- Los catalizadores mejoran la actividad bacteriana, lo que lleva a una mejor recuperación de metales.
- Este enfoque de bioleaching ofrece una solución sostenible para la valorización de desechos electrónicos y la recuperación de recursos metálicos.
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