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Sensor de apetencia de fluorescencia ratiométrica basado en sílice mesoporosa hueca para la detección de gentamicina

Yuefan Li¹, Xiaodong Lu¹, Xueying Gao¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Screening, Prevention, and Control of Food Safety Risks, State Administration for Market Regulation, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.

|February 11, 2026

Resumen

Este estudio desarrolló un aptasensor de fluorescencia ratiométrica para la detección de residuos de gentamicina (GEN) en la leche. El sensor utiliza nanoclusters de oro y aptamers para detectar GEN, asegurando la seguridad alimentaria mediante el monitoreo de la contaminación por antibióticos.

Área de la Ciencia:

Química Analítica La Química Analítica es la
Nanotecnología La nanotecnología es la nanotecnología.
Seguridad Alimentaria Seguridad de los alimentos.

Sus antecedentes:

La gentamicina (GEN) es un antibiótico ampliamente utilizado en la cría de animales.
Los residuos de GEN en la leche representan un riesgo significativo para la seguridad alimentaria.
Los métodos de detección existentes pueden carecer de sensibilidad o especificidad.

Objetivo del estudio:

Desarrollar un sensor de apetito sensible y selectivo para la detección de GEN.
Crear una plataforma analítica estable y anti-interferencia para el monitoreo de residuos de antibióticos.
Para validar el método para la determinación del GEN en muestras de leche.

Principales métodos:

Se identificó un aptamer truncado (G41) con alta afinidad para GEN utilizando acoplamiento molecular y simulaciones.
Los nanocúmulos de oro (Au NCs) fueron sintetizados y conjugados con G41 (Au NCs-Apt).
La sílice mesoporosa hueca amino-funcionalizada (HMSN-NH2) cargada con rodamina 6G (R6G) fue utilizada como portador, con Au NCs-Apt actuando como guardián.

Principales resultados:

El aptasensor demostró una respuesta de fluorescencia ratiométrica a la unión de GEN, con un límite de detección bajo de 2,36 ng/mL.
Se observó una excelente linealidad en el rango de 20-4000 ng/mL (R2 = 0,9977).
El método mostró una buena repetibilidad (RSD < 5%) y altas recuperaciones (98.35-101.49%) en muestras de leche añadida.

Conclusiones:

La estrategia integrada de aptasensing por fluorescencia ratiométrica proporciona una plataforma altamente estable y anti-interferencia.
El sensor desarrollado es aplicable para el monitoreo de residuos de GEN en matrices de alimentos complejos como la leche.
Este enfoque contribuye a garantizar la seguridad alimentaria al permitir la detección confiable de la contaminación por antibióticos.

Palabras clave:

Detección de alimentos detección de alimentos.La gentamicina también se usa.La sílice mesoporosa hueca y hueca.Fluorescencia ratiométrica aptasensor sensor de la fluorescencia.Truncamiento Truncamiento.

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