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Conocimientos mecánicos sobre la eliminación de compuestos fenólicos en humedales construidos: comparación de

Zigeng Yu¹, Zhiyong Zhang², Zhikun Zou³

¹Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, PR China.

Bioresource technology

|February 11, 2026

Resumen

Los humedales construidos (CW) eliminan efectivamente los compuestos fenólicos (PC), un tipo de químico que altera el sistema endocrino. Los CW de flujo vertical (VF-CW) muestran un rendimiento superior debido a la adsorción y la biodegradación combinadas.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ciencias ambientales Ciencias ambientales.
Química del medio ambiente Química del medio ambiente
Ingeniería Ambiental Ingeniería Ambiental.

Sus antecedentes:

Los compuestos fenólicos (PC) son sustancias químicas persistentes que alteran el sistema endocrino y que representan riesgos ambientales globales.
Los humedales construidos (CW) se investigan como una solución sostenible para la eliminación de PC.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para revisar y comparar los mecanismos de eliminación de PCs en varias configuraciones de CW.
Para identificar los parámetros operativos clave que influyen en la eficiencia de eliminación de PC en CWs.

Principales métodos:

Análisis comparativo de diferentes configuraciones de CW (flujo vertical, flujo horizontal, híbrido).
Síntesis de mecanismos que incluyen la adsorción del sustrato, la biodegradación aeróbica y la sinergia entre plantas y microbios.
Discusión de los parámetros operativos: propiedades del sustrato, temperatura y oxígeno disuelto.

Principales resultados:

Las CW de flujo vertical (VF-CW) exhiben una eliminación superior de fenol (Ph) y bisfenol A (BPA) en comparación con las CW de flujo horizontal (HF-CW).
Los sistemas con vegetación mejoran la eliminación de BPA y nonilfenol (NP) a través de la actividad microbiana de la rizosfera y los procesos enzimáticos.
Los CW híbridos (Hy-CW) con diseños de varias etapas superan a los sistemas de una sola etapa.

Conclusiones:

Las configuraciones optimizadas de CW, particularmente VF-CW y Hy-CW de varias etapas, son efectivas para la eliminación de PC.
Las interacciones entre plantas y microbios son fundamentales para la eliminación eficiente de sustancias químicas que alteran el sistema endocrino.
La investigación futura debe centrarse en los materiales funcionales, el acoplamiento de procesos y la seguridad ecológica.

Palabras clave:

Los humedales construidos.Productos químicos que alteran el sistema endocrino.Los compuestos fenólicos son compuestos fenólicos.Tratamiento de aguas residuales.

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