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Tecnología VR en el cuidado de heridas en pacientes pediátricos con quemaduras: un metanálisis
Hongli Zuo1, Liwen Weng2, Zhao Wang3
1Department of Psychology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Children and Adolescents' Health and Diseases, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Resumen
La tecnología de realidad virtual (VR) reduce significativamente el dolor y la frecuencia cardíaca en pacientes pediátricos con quemaduras. La realidad virtual basada en juegos y las sesiones individuales ofrecen un alivio superior del dolor en comparación con otros métodos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Manejo del dolor Manejo del dolor.
- Cuidado de quemaduras pediátricas.
- Tecnología de realidad virtual Tecnología de realidad virtual.
Sus antecedentes:
- Las quemaduras pediátricas presentan desafíos significativos en el manejo del dolor.
- El control efectivo del dolor es crucial para la curación y la reducción de la angustia psicológica en los niños.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar sistemáticamente el impacto de la tecnología de realidad virtual (VR) en el cuidado de heridas en pacientes pediátricos con quemaduras.
- Evaluar la efectividad de la RV en la reducción del dolor y la angustia fisiológica.
Principales métodos:
- Una revisión sistemática y un metanálisis de 11 ensayos controlados aleatorios (ECA) en los que participaron 445 pacientes pediátricos con quemaduras.
- Se han realizado búsquedas en varias bases de datos (PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science, etc.) hasta agosto de 2025.
- Los datos analizados con el software RevMan 5.2.
Principales resultados:
- La intervención de realidad virtual redujo significativamente la intensidad del dolor (SMD = -1.21) y la frecuencia cardíaca (SMD = -3.13) en comparación con los grupos de control.
- No se encontró ninguna diferencia significativa en la saturación de oxígeno.
- Las intervenciones de VR basadas en juegos y de una sola sesión mostraron una reducción superior del dolor.
Conclusiones:
- La tecnología de realidad virtual es una intervención efectiva para reducir el dolor y la frecuencia cardíaca en pacientes pediátricos con quemaduras.
- La realidad virtual basada en juegos y las intervenciones de una sola sesión proporcionan efectos analgésicos mejorados.
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