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La agricultura urbana sostenible utiliza un enfoque hidropónico inteligente que utiliza el IoT y el monitoreo en

Ley Wei En¹, Chong Lye Lim², Chiang Liang Kok³

¹The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, Australia.

Scientific reports

|February 11, 2026

Resumen

Este estudio encontró que la iluminación LED y la temperatura ambiente optimizan el crecimiento verde de las hojas en los sistemas hidropónicos. La temperatura óptima del agua es de 28-30°C, lo que promueve un desarrollo más rápido de las raíces y un mayor rendimiento.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ciencias Agrícolas Ciencias Agrícolas
Ciencias Ambientales Ciencias del Medio Ambiente.
Ciencias de la computación Ciencias de la computación

Sus antecedentes:

La creciente población mundial requiere soluciones agrícolas sostenibles.
La hidroponía ofrece un entorno controlado para la producción de cultivos.
Los factores ambientales como la luz y la temperatura del agua tienen un impacto significativo en el crecimiento de las plantas.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para investigar los efectos de la temperatura del agua y la intensidad de la luz en el crecimiento de las hojas verdes.
Desarrollar un sistema hidropónico inteligente habilitado para Internet de las Cosas (IoT) para monitoreo y gestión en tiempo real.
Optimizar las condiciones hidropónicas para mejorar el rendimiento de los cultivos en los hogares urbanos.

Principales métodos:

Integrado un microcontrolador Arduino UNO WIFI con un sistema hidropónico para el hogar.
Se utilizaron sensores para controlar la temperatura, la humedad relativa (RH), el pH y las concentraciones de nutrientes.
Se realizó un ensayo de crecimiento de 4 semanas con col rizada en cuatro condiciones diferentes: LED frente a la luz natural y habitación frente a ambientes con aire acondicionado.
Monitoreo de la intensidad de la luz y la temperatura del agua a través de un sistema de nubes.

Principales resultados:

La iluminación LED combinada con las condiciones de temperatura ambiente resultó en un aumento del 15-20% en el recuento de hojas y la biomasa.
Se determinó que el rango óptimo de temperatura del agua para el crecimiento de la col rizada era de 28-30°C.
Niveles estables de pH entre 6.5 y 7.0 se correlacionan con el desarrollo acelerado de las raíces.

Conclusiones:

Los sensores IoT mejoran efectivamente el control ambiental en los sistemas hidropónicos.
El sistema hidropónico inteligente desarrollado mejora la eficiencia de la agricultura familiar urbana.
Las condiciones de luz y temperatura optimizadas son cruciales para maximizar el rendimiento de los cultivos hidropónicos.

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