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Reutilizar y reciclar: ¿es efectivo el injerto dental autógeno para la preservación de la cresta alveolar?
1Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK. sophiemills20@outlook.com.
Evidence-based dentistry
|February 11, 2026
Resumen
El injerto dental autógeno (ATG) preserva efectivamente las crestas alveolares al reducir la reabsorción horizontal en comparación con los sitios no injertados. Si bien no es superior a otros materiales, el ATG estimula la formación de más hueso nuevo y apoya la colocación de implantes.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Odontología Odontología.
- Cirugía Oral Cirugía Oral.
- La Medicina Regenerativa es una Medicina Regenerativa.
Sus antecedentes:
- La preservación de la cresta alveolar es crucial después de la extracción dental para mantener las dimensiones óseas para futuros implantes dentales.
- El injerto dental autógeno (ATG) es un material potencial para la preservación de la cresta alveolar, pero su eficacia requiere una evaluación sistemática.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar sistemáticamente y metaanalizar la efectividad del injerto dental autogénico (ATG) para la preservación de la cresta alveolar.
- Para comparar ATG con la curación espontánea y otros materiales de injerto óseo en el mantenimiento de las dimensiones de la cresta y la promoción de la formación ósea.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión sistemática y metanálisis que se adhieren a las directrices de PRISMA.
- La inclusión de ensayos controlados aleatorios que comparan ATG con grupos de control u otros materiales de injerto.
- Análisis de los cambios en la cresta alveolar y la regeneración ósea utilizando la diferencia media estandarizada y la diferencia media, respectivamente.
Principales resultados:
- Catorce estudios fueron incluidos en el metanálisis.
- ATG redujo significativamente la reabsorción de la cresta horizontal en comparación con las tomas no injertadas.
- ATG demostró un mayor porcentaje de nueva formación ósea y no comprometió la colocación del implante.
Conclusiones:
- El injerto dental autógeno (ATG) es una alternativa viable para la preservación de la cresta alveolar, que ofrece ventajas histológicas potenciales.
- Se necesitan más estudios clínicos de alta calidad para confirmar los resultados a largo plazo y estandarizar los protocolos.
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