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El receptor de galanina 1 que expresa las neuronas en el circuito hipocampo-prefrontal modula la atención dirigida al
Fany Messanvi1, Vladimir Visocky2, Carolyn Senneca2
1Section on Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. kmessanvi@american.edu.
Resumen
Las neuronas del receptor de galanina tipo 1 (GalR1) en el cerebro.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
- La psiquiatría molecular es la psiquiatría molecular.
- Neurociencia del comportamiento neurológico.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los neuropéptidos de galanina modulan las vías cognitivas.
- El receptor de galanina tipo 1 (GalR1) está implicado en condiciones que afectan a las estructuras cerebrales frontales y temporales.
- La estimulación farmacológica de GalR1 en la corteza prefrontal ventral (vPFC) y el hipocampo ventral (vHC) produce efectos conductuales opuestos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la contribución diferencial de las neuronas que expresan GalR1 en el vPFC y el vHC a la atención y el control de impulsos.
- Para determinar las poblaciones neuronales específicas que expresan GalR1 en estas regiones del cerebro.
Principales métodos:
- Fluorescencia multiplex en hibridación in situ para identificar las neuronas que expresan GalR1.
- Utilizando la tarea de 5 opciones para evaluar la atención visuoespacial y el control de impulsos en ratas.
- Desarrollo de un nuevo enfoque viral para la manipulación optogenética de las neuronas que expresan GalR1.
- Empleando fotometría de fibra para medir la dinámica del calcio en las neuronas que expresan GalR1.
Principales resultados:
- GalR1 se expresa predominantemente en las neuronas glutamatérgicas tanto en el vPFC como en el vHC.
- La excitación optogenética de las neuronas que expresan GalR1 en el vPFC, pero no en el vHC, afecta selectivamente la atención.
- Las neuronas que expresan GalR1 en el vPFC y el vHC exhiben patrones de actividad de calcio opuestos.
- El aumento de la actividad de la neurona vPFC GalR1 se correlaciona con acciones atentas, mientras que la actividad de vHC se correlaciona con errores.
Conclusiones:
- La actividad específica de la región y la respuesta de la galanina, mediada por las neuronas glutamatérgicas que expresan GalR1 en el circuito frontotemporal, da forma a los comportamientos de control ejecutivo.
- Estos hallazgos ofrecen información sobre la disfunción ejecutiva en los trastornos de salud mental.
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