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Cuantificación de la Amplitud de la Dieta en Monos Aulladores: ¿Cuánta Muestra es Suficiente?
Ariadna Rangel Negrín1, Pedro A D Dias1
1Primate Behavioral Ecology Laboratory, Instituto de Neuro-etología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México.
American journal of primatology
|February 12, 2026
Resumen
Determinar las horas de observación adecuadas para la amplitud de la dieta del mono aullador mantellado (Alouatta palliata) requiere un esfuerzo considerable, y la caracterización casi completa necesita de 5000 a 5200 horas. El muestreo temprano captura la mayor parte de la diversidad, pero los estudios a largo plazo son esenciales para una comprensión ecológica integral.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ecología de Primates
- Ecología Conductual
- Biología de la Conservación
Sus antecedentes:
- La evaluación precisa de la amplitud de la dieta es crucial para comprender la ecología animal.
- Los métodos de muestreo inconsistentes en estudios anteriores han obstaculizado los análisis comparativos de la variación conductual.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Determinar el esfuerzo de observación necesario para caracterizar con precisión la amplitud de la dieta de los monos aulladores mantellados (Alouatta palliata).
- Establecer puntos de referencia prácticos de muestreo para estudios de dieta de primates.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizó un conjunto de datos de diez años con más de 56.000 observaciones de alimentación y 6.800 horas de observación.
- Se aplicaron enfoques de curvas de acumulación basadas en abundancia, incidencia y tiempo.
- Se empleó la rarefacción basada en cobertura para comparar la completitud del muestreo entre dos grupos.
Principales resultados:
- La caracterización dietética casi completa (cobertura de muestra >0.99) requirió aproximadamente 5000-5200 horas de observación.
- Las primeras 1500-3000 horas capturaron el 85%-100% de la diversidad dietética.
- Los métodos mensuales basados en incidencia indicaron que se necesitaron de 7 a 8 años de muestreo continuo para alcanzar niveles asintóticos.
- Las diferencias significativas en las horas de muestreo requeridas entre grupos resaltaron el impacto de la selectividad en la alimentación.
Conclusiones:
- Se recomienda la presentación habitual de curvas de acumulación y estadísticas de cobertura de muestra en estudios de dieta.
- Proporciona puntos de referencia prácticos de muestreo para la investigación de la dieta de los monos aulladores mantellados.
- Demuestra enfoques metodológicos aplicables para estudios de dieta de primates.
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