Quiste broncogénico gástrico: reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura

Bronchogenic cysts are rare congenital foregut malformations, usually asymptomatic in early life. Gastric bronchogenic cysts (GBCs) are exceedingly uncommon and often pose diagnostic challenges due to nonspecific symptoms and inconclusive imaging. Misdiagnosis is common, as GBCs can mimic solid tumors or other cystic lesions.

A 53-year-old asymptomatic man was found to have an incidental gastric mass on abdominal CT, revealing a 4.0 × 2.1 cm non-enhancing lesion along the lesser curvature. Gastroscopy was unremarkable. He reported no symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, acid reflux, belching, chest tightness, or dyspnea. Physical examination revealed no significant abnormalities.

Laparoscopic resection identified a cystic lesion within the gastric wall. Histopathology showed pseudociliated columnar epithelium, smooth muscle hyperplasia, and bronchial glands, confirming a bronchogenic cyst. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient remained symptom-free at 3-month follow-up.

Although benign, GBCs warrant early surgical removal due to potential complications, including infection and malignant transformation. While abdominal CT is useful for initial detection, definitive diagnosis rests on histopathological examination. Laparoscopic resection proves to be a safe and effective treatment, underscoring the paramount importance of clinical vigilance to prevent misdiagnosis and ensure timely intervention.