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Desentrañando mutaciones microsatélites a nivel de genoma completo con resolución de célula única
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
|February 12, 2026
Resumen
Desarrollamos BayesMonSTR para detectar mutaciones de repetición corta en tándem (STR) en mosaico en células individuales. Esto revela que las inserciones y deleciones de STR más largas se acumulan con la edad, particularmente en las neuronas del cerebro, lo que afecta la regulación génica.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Genómica; Biología Molecular; Investigación sobre el envejecimiento
Sus antecedentes:
- Las repeticiones cortas en tándem (STR) son regiones genómicas mutables involucradas en la regulación génica y las enfermedades.
- La detección de mutaciones de STR en mosaico con resolución de célula única es técnicamente desafiante.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Desarrollar un algoritmo robusto para la detección precisa de mutaciones de STR en mosaico con resolución de célula única.
- Investigar el panorama de la variación de STR en mosaico en el envejecimiento humano y diferentes tipos de células.
Principales métodos:
- Desarrollo del algoritmo BayesMonSTR para la detección de mutaciones de STR en mosaico.
- Análisis de células únicas de tejidos humanos para identificar y cuantificar mutaciones de STR.
- Análisis comparativo de la carga de mutaciones en diferentes tipos de células (neuronas, células B, epitelio pulmonar) y edades.
Principales resultados:
- BayesMonSTR permite la detección precisa de mutaciones de STR en mosaico.
- Las inserciones y deleciones (indels) de STR en mosaico se acumulan en células envejecidas.
- Las neuronas de la corteza prefrontal muestran una mayor carga de mutaciones de STR que las células B o las células pulmonares, con un aumento de las deleciones en las neuronas envejecidas.
- Las mutaciones se enriquecen en los sitios de inicio de la transcripción y los potenciadores activos de los genes altamente expresados.
Conclusiones:
- BayesMonSTR proporciona una base para el descubrimiento de mutaciones de STR en mosaico asociadas con enfermedades.
- El envejecimiento se asocia con una acumulación de indels de STR en mosaico, especialmente en las neuronas.
- La variación de STR en mosaico representa un aspecto previamente inexplorado del desarrollo y envejecimiento humanos.
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