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Conmutación de sustratos sensible al pH en la secreción ESX de tipo VII de micobacterias
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
|February 12, 2026
Resumen
Las micobacterias patógenas, como Mycobacterium marinum, adaptan su secreción de factores de virulencia (cambio de sustratos ESX) en respuesta a entornos ácidos dentro de las células huésped, lo que ayuda a la infección.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Microbiología; Patogénesis; Interacciones huésped-patógeno
Sus antecedentes:
- Las micobacterias patógenas, incluidas las que causan tuberculosis, residen dentro de los macrófagos del huésped. El sistema de secreción ESX-1 (sistema de antígeno temprano secretado de 6 kilodaltons-1) es crucial para la virulencia de las micobacterias, ya que permite la lisis del fagosoma y la invasión de las células huésped. Los mecanismos por los cuales funciona ESX-1 en diversos entornos intracelulares no se comprenden completamente.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar cómo el sistema de secreción ESX-1 adapta su función en respuesta a señales ambientales, específicamente el pH. Elucidar los mecanismos moleculares subyacentes al cambio de sustratos ESX. Determinar el papel del cambio de sustratos ESX en modelos de infección por micobacterias.
Principales métodos:
- Cultivo de *Mycobacterium marinum* en condiciones ácidas *in vitro* para observar el cambio de sustratos. Análisis de los cambios en los niveles de transcripción de los sustratos ESX mediante análisis de expresión génica. Cuantificación de los niveles de proteína de sustratos y chaperonas ESX utilizando técnicas proteómicas. Evaluación del requisito de sustratos ESX específicos en un modelo de infección ácida *in vivo*.
Principales resultados:
- *Mycobacterium marinum* exhibe un cambio de sustratos ESX cuando se cultiva a pH ácido *in vitro*. El cambio de sustratos se asocia con alteraciones significativas en los niveles de transcripción y proteína de los sustratos ESX, así como en los niveles de chaperonas. Transcripciones específicas de ESX se regulan al alza *in vivo*, y se necesitan conjuntos de sustratos distintos para la infección en un entorno ácido.
Conclusiones:
- El sistema de secreción ESX-1 cambia dinámicamente sus sustratos secretados en respuesta a la acidez ambiental. Este cambio de sustratos se regula tanto a nivel de transcripción como de proteína. Los patógenos de micobacterias probablemente utilizan conjuntos de proteínas ESX distintos para lisar los fagosomas de los macrófagos de acidez variable durante la infección, lo que contribuye a la patogénesis.
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