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Ganancia basal de la captación de oxígeno funcional como factor pronóstico de la respuesta al ejercicio en centros en
Tingting Liu1, Qiaowei Li1,2,3,4,5, Feng Huang1,2,3,4,5
1Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine
|February 12, 2026
Resumen
Los adultos mayores con menor ganancia funcional de la captación de oxígeno (ΔVO2/ΔWR) se benefician más de los programas de ejercicio estructurado. Fomentar la participación en estos programas puede maximizar las mejoras cardiopulmonares para este grupo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Medicina Geriátrica
- Rehabilitación Cardiopulmonar
- Fisiología del Ejercicio
Sus antecedentes:
- El ejercicio sostenido beneficia la salud cardiopulmonar en adultos mayores.
- Es crucial identificar subgrupos específicos que se beneficien más del ejercicio.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Explorar la relación entre las características basales y las mejoras en la captación máxima de oxígeno (pico de VO2).
- Identificar posibles respondedores al ejercicio en adultos mayores.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio de cohorte de un solo brazo, pre-post, que involucró a 151 adultos mayores que viven en la comunidad.
- Los participantes se sometieron a ejercicio individualizado, supervisado y multicomponente durante 1-2 años.
- Los datos recopilados incluyeron la ganancia de la captación de oxígeno funcional (ΔVO2/ΔWR) y el pico de VO2; los participantes se clasificaron como respondedores al ejercicio (ER) o no respondedores (ENR).
Principales resultados:
- La menor ΔVO2/ΔWR basal se asoció significativamente con una mayor mejora en el pico de VO2 a 1 y 2 años.
- Se identificaron puntos de corte óptimos de ΔVO2/ΔWR basal para predecir la respuesta al ejercicio a 1 año (9.310 mL/min/W) y a 2 años (9.805 mL/min/W).
- Existió una correlación negativa entre la ΔVO2/ΔWR basal y los cambios absolutos en el pico de VO2.
Conclusiones:
- Los adultos mayores con menor ΔVO2/ΔWR basal se benefician más del ejercicio estructurado.
- Fomentar la participación en programas de ejercicio en centros puede maximizar los beneficios cardiopulmonares para los adultos mayores con bajo ΔVO2/ΔWR.
- Se necesitan más ensayos multicéntricos para validar la ΔVO2/ΔWR como un marcador pronóstico universal.
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